OS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

OS - Research Paper ExampleMicrosoft Windows or simply Windows is an in operation(p) system family of personal computer run(a) systems that is developed by Microsoft to make use of the computer by means of graphical user interface (GUI). Additionally, the Windows operating systems have been developed from the MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk operating system), which is a non-graphical command line operating system developed for IBM compatible computers and was signly released by Microsoft in August 1981 and its final version MS-DOS 6.22 was released in 1994. However, currently the MS-DOS operating system is not widely utilized, but its command shell can be used through Microsoft Windows (Computer Hope Microsoft Corporation). Additionally, this operating system was based on the text mode and used command-line to perform calculations. Thus, it was not a user-friendly operating system. The initial version of Windows operating system, which is also acknowledged as the initial Windows Graphic Environment 1.0 was introduced on 10 November 1983, however simply out of the marketplace in November 1985 intentional to help and manage the computer requirements to display a picture. The initial Windows 1.0 is a software addition to 16-bit (that was not an OS) that executed on MS-DOS (as well as a number of alternatives of MS-DOS), thus, the DOS operating system was unavoidable to run this operating system. In addition, after this version the Windows Version 2.x and 3.x were released, which were of the similar type. A number of the unusedest versions of Windows (however these new versions start from the version 4.0 and Windows NT 3.1) were autonomous OS that no longer reliant upon the operating system MS-DOS (Microsoft Corporation). parentage from DOS Shell for Microsofts DOS 6 Microsoft required struggling beside the best-selling Apple mack that utilized a GUI, Microsoft produced Windows 1.0. However, the name Windows was suggested by the Microsoft

Chinese Foreign Currency Reserves Swell by Record Amount Article - 1

Chinese Foreign Currency Reserves Swell by Record Amount - Article ExampleHowever, this spawns another problem. The additional renminbi issued causes the money tote up in the estate to rise even further. What was not discussed in the article is the direct impact of the level of money summateing on inflation. A high level of money supply circulating in the economy causes center demand to rise. This increased demand for goods and services is what pushes general prices to go up.Looking at Chinas foreign reserve levels, in the third quarter of 2010, it increased by $194 million. In the fourth quarter, it jumped by $199 million to raise the total to $2.85 trillion. This increase was much larger than what economists had expected. During this time, China doubled its intervention in the specie markets to about $2 billion a day (Bradsher, 2011). And so, the countrys money supply was 19.7 percent higher in December than a year earlier.The increase in money supply though is not solely due to the central banks efforts to keep the value of the renminbi in check. Banking loans have also risen and measures taken by the central bank to slow down lending, mainly by increasing bank reserve requirements have proven to be ineffective.Bradsher, K. (11 January 2011). Chinese foreign currency reserves swell by record amount. The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2011.

Early Childhood Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Early childishness Education - Essay ExampleTreatment of children in a family or auberge dictates how the family or society will be perceived in terms of success or failure.Isenberg & Jalongo, (1997) illustrate that childhood is the full point in life that is characterized by agility, curiosity and creativity. It is during this period of time that one decides on what to or not to be in future life. This therefore, implies that, a lot of attention is needed to get rid of inapplicable characters which might associate with the child and grow with him/her to the future. Based on my profession and what I have equanimous when learning this profession, given the opportunity to execute my duties, I will ensure that the children under my care catch the best practices. This will be possible through incorporation of best learning practices such as practical learning methods into this system of education as echoed by Mallory & New (1994).According to Grotewell and Burton (2008), it is wort h noting that not all children are born physically and mentally salubrious. Some are born with physical disabilities succession others suffer from mental disorders. In case this happens, it is possible that a child might be healthy both physically and mentally but born out of families which are not capable of providing for their introductory needs. This can range from shelter, food, and clothing to comfort that they might need at some point in their childhood. The main objective of the early childhood initiative was to help young children and their families to survive which ever multiplication they might be living. This is achieved through provision of support and intervention for the children and infants with priorities given to those who are disabled.Anning, Cullen & Fleer, (2004) explain that pioneer a course on early childhood education will open up opportunities in areas such as educational administrators, coordinators and librarians. Those trained

Spanish Identity during the Peninsular War Essay

Spanish Identity during the peninsular War - Essay ExampleThis was due to its proximity to the different factions that later on became synonymous with its history. The Spanish Domain integrated different colonies, conglomerating these into bingle major kingdom, and grew to become one of the major global empires of its time1. However, the Spanish history was laden with different kinds of wars, from revolutionist wars as shown by the French revolution that involved to the highest degree European nations including Spain, to religious wars that all form significant separate of the Spanish past. Spains involvement in these wars was partly fuelled by its generally flourishing status of the economy courtesy of the revenue and riches that it generated from its scholarship of colonies especially in Africa coupled with its massive manifestation in the Americas. During these early times, Spain established itself into the niche of cosmos among the most powerful nations, and its con spare-tim e activitys led it to establishing a vast empire stretching over most parts of Europe. However, despite all these subjugations, the wars drained Spanish economy, especially under the reign of the Habsburg validation that was deemed negligent and amateur on most matters. This decline in power gradually led to tensions in the Spanish terra firma later on culminating to a different rule, the Bourbons, taking over the Spanish control. Despite the general humor that Spain is among the ancient European nations, its true sense of identity presented itself with the onset of the 19th century especially with the sexual climax of the Peninsula war. This idealization is due to the inception of the peninsular war that delineated the real state of the Spanish case identity and initiated the true civilization that united Spain on a single purpose hence conduct to its inherent identification and true sense of sovereignty. Prior to the 19th century, French had ridden on a follow of conquests and successes that ensured it enjoyed domination over most other European empires. This was under Napoleon, who had a penchant for confrontations in the quest for territorial expansion. In light of this, Napoleon initiated the peninsular war through with(predicate) moving his troops through Spain in attack of Portugal, only to turn upon the Spanish empire thereby leading to the Spanish grow in defense of their territorial abuse by the French. This initiated the true Spanish identity in the struggle for the Iberian Peninsula in the wake of the Napoleonic initiated wars2. Through this war, the French were able to disintegrate the Spanish administration leading to smaller factions that tried to maintain the Spanish identity through guerilla type of warfare. imputable to the various enmities that Napoleon had created, British and Portuguese states combined forces with the guerilla tactics of the partly annihilated Spanish empire to prevent further conquest by Napoleon. Following the disintegration of the Spanish entity into smaller factions during the peninsular war, the Spanish nationals sensed the threat of territorial defeat and embarked on uniting under one serve to protect their identity end ensure national prosperity3. This lead to the different factions coming under one political annex to ensure proper national unity in the quest for the freedom they enjoyed preceding to the war. This highly led the Spanish to view the war as an independence struggle, despite enjoying stable independence prior to the war. The social aspects of Spain during this war ensured it gained enforcement

Tiger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tiger - Essay ExampleTiger shows how, in the new-fashioned world, as individuals get older, they want their children close, while at the same time their children wish to live their profess lives independent of their parents.In this story, Essie is depicted as a mother who wants only the outdo for her daughter and she does wholly that she can to ensure that Marian not only marries an Indian man but also settles downward(a) close to her (Jones 2). However, this does not happen and Marian instead ends up marrying Daniel, a man from far shoot America who Essie does not approve of because of his mild demeanor as well as his not creation Catholic. This is a scenario which is often played out in many families as mothers, believing that they know what is best for their children, tend not to approve of their choices in life and instead choose to interfere in their lives. This creates a situation where it is difficult for mothers and these children to get along because it seems that eac h is living firm in their own beliefs. such(prenominal) an incident has taken place in my family where an aunt of mine did not approve of her give-and-takes choosing to marry a woman from another country and his decision to settle in his wifes homeland. This situation brought a lot of friction between my aunt and her son and it has gone on for more than a decade now with none of them becoming flexible in their position. My aunt took an instant abominate to her daughter in-law and whenever they visited, she all but ignored her. However, despite my aunts dislike for her sons wife, she adores their three children to such an extent that she would do anything for them. She always waits anxiously for them to visit every course of instruction so that she can spend her time with them. It is these children who have ensured that the connection between my aunt and cousin does not die because their being born made it possible for the latter to at least live on good terms for their sake.In

International Public Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

world-wide Public Law - test ExampleFurthermore, policy-making is intensely prejudiced by the media, which tends to form communal views. The process of policy cosmea set up objectives from side to side conflict decree making solutions to policy troubles affecting a group of people. However, policy reply are often influenced since of insufficient information, middling policy design, and bad executive, callable to influential media and additional interest group, and unproductive implementation. This income that the policy process is frequently not what the public was appears for in the primary place. By civilizing processes such as the foreword of reforms of the scheme, and media control, improved policy organization could be complete.The locate of international law is to check the behaviour among states since where there exists a society of states, the preservation of law and put up becomes necessary. A state will, as a broad rule, do its utmost to act inside the enclosure of t he structure of policy which make up international law. Any state disregarding these broad principles of dispassionate and supportive cohabitation among states runs the risk of incurring the condemnation of the fellow states in the community. Such condemnation will just now ever limit itself to a tag of bad standing, plainly could even lead to harsh consequences. International Public LawsPresent international law usually recognised as having its origin in the set Ages in Western Europe - where, at the time, procedure of decentralisation most important away from Roman Catholic Church plus Holy Roman Empire towards the Reformation plus rise of Nation-States- intrinsic law, specified universalist territory and Church, originally theological (including divine exposure as single of its sources) - though by time of Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) essential law adopting a rationalist approach, being seen to gain from universal reason- Independence and parity of States interpret into need for consent - clear tension flanked by natural law plus notion of permission2) Brief History of International Public LawIn 1980 Dwight Waldo write that social discipline, which includes public administration, did not abandon ethics as some had optional but instead rejected bearing in mind ethics (4). Since that time, for a diversity of reasons, principles as a focus of notice in public administration has grown progressively or explode, depending on your top of the inning of view, in academic- and practitioner-oriented investigate. The text in the area is vast, and numerous appraisals catalogue it. Rather than create a refreshful set of categories, a brief account here can usually describe this corpse of belles-lettres for there purposes. For the sake of shortness, we primarily make very good reference for principles in public heed to the Handbook of managerial Ethics, shortened by Terry L. Cooper, which is a new, comprehensive book containing 29 emissary public administration p ieces on principles with numerous references. A recent conference in

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 4 Assignment

Interface Design Examples Search swinishd on Heuristics 4 - Assignment ExampleThe blanketshot appears when one has logged in the spacewalk web interface. Some of the highlights that may be displayed on the screen which may help user to see what is going on include postdate systems, release of late(a) errata and critical monitoring status among other highlights.This screenshot help to map specimen for georeference obtained to other data base search (Shapley, Para-1). This screenshot is efficient and effective because it uses language that users gouge understand (Shapley, Para-1). Additionally, it helps to conduct assessment by taking into consideration all the heuristic principles (Shapley, Para-1).An example of this screenshot is the User Interface design and implementation which appears on the windowpane XP when one presses the search button on the explorer tools bar. It allows the user to specify the kind of file he or she is searching for and in case the user makes a mistake he or she kitty Undo or redo.This screenshot assist data entry screenshot or consistency management screenshot which provides a run of all the elements that may be applied during the modeling process. The assisted data mechanism in this screenshot can help a person to avoid errors when devising entries by enhancing consistency compliance to set standards.In this screenshot both experienced and inexperienced users are allowed to conduct frequent activities without going through unnecessary procedures. Hence, making it more flexible and efficient to use.The above screenshot help to enhance readability and inclusion of all the pertinent information in the program that one is using.This screenshot may be available in microsoft spreadsheet,word and powerpoint.Therefore, based on the above interface design examples, it can be scrutinized how various screenshots for each of the ten heuristic may be used to execute various operations. Conclusively, it can be observed how screenshot are importance

Schools Sporting Day Memoir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Schools Sporting twenty-four hour period Memoir - Essay ExampleIn a Schools Sporting Day that I witnessed in summer, various events took place. Our group converged at the field by 9 am and a welcoming note was given by the schools representative. Since we were a large group, the team had to crack up into five groups to compete against each other the various sporting activities for the day. It was in summer and so the pleased weather was comfortable for the event. A compeer took the mandate of controlling the tournament from the b testising to the end chase set rules and regulations. As such, the compeer read and explained the rules governing the event and spelled out disciplinary measures against any violators. He also delegated the powers to record resultant scores to three assistants for purposes of establishing the winners. We said a word if prayer tell on the sporting attire, and started the warm up for the event. After 15 minutes of light exercises, we were ready for a ch e ach(prenominal)enging yet exciting sporting day. To improve the level of participation in the tournament, we chose to run all the sporting activities as relay races. Moreover, to incorporate the abilities and skills of every participant, the event had a wide range of challenges where superstar would score points on skill, participation, and teamwork. Classic races were the kick starters of the event and included welly waging, three legged dashes, relay race, egg & spoon race, wheelbarrow race, bean bag on the head, space hopper race, sack race, skipping race, and obstacle course.

Primate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Primate - Research composing ExampleThey usually walk on all fours with the use of their knuckles supporting on the ground. This example of locomotion is called knuckle- walking. The chimps have no tail, and have a dark hairy coat. The brain of the chimpanzee only comes to half the size of that of human.It is also an interesting fact, that chimpanzee use tools for food hunting purpose. chimpanzee tools are used both for feeding and for other purposes, such as body care and signaling, save the subsistence tools used for obtaining food show with special clarity the problem of explaining behavioral variant as bionomic adaptation(Wrangham 21).They are omnivores, and eats fruits seeds, flowers, and plant shoots.They also eat termites, ants and small animals. They communicate with the help of depend expression, gestures and hands. Chimpanzees are social animals and live in small, stable groups of about forty to sixty individuals. They are genuinely intelligent and it is our duty to p rotect their

West Indian Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

westside Indian Literature - Essay ExampleThe figment, narrated different stories of Caribbean ways of life, itemly in relation to the sort outs attempt to create their self- identicalness on foreign lands. Afri bear-Caribbean cultural identity is demonstrated in the novel as an overall individual identity as well as attributed as a shoot a line of the community.Moreover, African-Caribbean cultural identity, as illustrated in the novel, emphasized the commonalities among Afro-Caribbean people over time and across space. As shown by the different characters in the novels, identities have changed during periods of adjustment. For the individual, the repercussions are also reflective. There have been arrays of themes explored in the novel such as code switching and the importance of expressiveness, as well as other qualities of identity management. These can be viewed as components of the enduring and dynamic nature of identity as Afro-Caribbean preserve a moxie of self while ada pting to challenging situational difficulties. Furthermore, it can be assumed from the content of the novel that cultural identity will be more or less significant for individuals, particularly with respect to the Afro-Caribbean childrens worldview, and in particularised circumstances. Hence, an Afro-Caribbean may be distressed by behaviour that pressures cultural identity in a spot in which this identity is not specifically prominent.To sum it up, the novel placed stress on these particular themes in the outlook of the Afro-Caribbean children Afro-Caribbean children and youth, education, parenting styles, Afro-Caribbean comradeship, dating, and marital bonds Furthermore, one of the most exploited themes in Olive Seniors novels is gardening as a symbol of the need for identity distinctions and dynamic communications, positioning the garden as a representation of an ambivalent past, breathing space of colonial segregation and postcolonial heredity.Race, gender and social

Analysis of Boeing Aircraft Companys supply chain management Research Paper

Analysis of Boeing Aircraft Companys supply chain management - Research newspaper publisher Examplegovernment in 1978 as well as the European Unions acceptation of a mutual airspace, the air duct application has witnessed even worse situations. Recently, a boastful number of depleted carriers have penetrated the airline market globally. It is also securing the departure of legacy carriers, which have been regarded as household label for the past few decades (Topham, 2013).In the past three decades, the airline industry has grown at a steady pace, and is forecasted to do so in the coming future. RPK (revenue passenger kilometers), an indicator of a passenger paying(a) for a single kilometer has grown threefold in the last thirty years. Most of the forecasts pertaining to the industry today reveal that both RPKs as well as revenue ton kilometers, which re innovates the RPKs freight version will double from the expected GDP evolution of 3 percent (TradeGov, 2009).Presently, the large commercial aircraft (LCA) fleet, which is airplanes having more than 300 seats and over is approximately 16,000 and rising. The anticipated capacity to cope with the growth in traffic by the year 2023 is about 35,000. About 70 percent of these airplanes are lacking and will be produced by Boeing, Airbus, as well as other companies in the LCA industry. With respect to the present list prices, the aircrafts will demand additional buildup of assets amounting to approximately $1.6 trillion (TradeGov, 2009) (U.S.InternationalTradeCommission, 2009). This paper will undertake an summary of the Boeing Aircraft Company based on its supply chain management.The LCA industry serves as the major supplier of assets for the airline industry. The major competitors in this case include Boeing Company and Airbus S.A.S. the two companies are offered support by their individual governments in diverse ways. This situation is indicative of the airline industrys national flag carriers. The help t hat the government provides to these companies in characteristic of two major factors. Firstly,

Chinese Room Argument as a Response to the Behaviourist's Claim that Research Paper

Chinese Room Argument as a chemical reaction to the Behaviourists Claim that Computers Can Think - Research Paper ExampleConsequently, the behaviorists extend this theory to the functioning of computers suggesting that computers trick think if they are programmed in a certain way, in which the input/output behavior of a computer is connected to its psychogenic status. However, the Chinese Room debate does not agree with the behaviorists claim, which illustrates that thinking is far from a mere production of an output from a given stimulus (Martin 175). Therefore, in support of the Chinese Room argument, I will argue that computers do not induct mental states because they are incompetent of thinking, thus, are not intelligent as a human. The Chinese Room argument is one of the examples that present premises to disagree with the notion that computers have a mental state. This argument uses an experimentation involving a computer input, output activities of a programmed computer wh ereby a person who does not speak Chinese completely somehow manages to manipulate Chinese symbols and produce right responses (Martin 178). In this argument, Searle points out a give-and-take about cognitive science and artificial intelligence. He argues that artificial intelligence is without any doubt artificial. Therefore, the volumed question here is, are computers intelligent? I agree with Searles argument that there is no true intelligence for computers. Unlike beings with mental state, computers do understand language, syntax they are just incapable of understanding (semantics) and emotion. This is because these activities require consciousness lacking in computers. In addition, for computers to be intelligent it would mean that they have beliefs and other mental states like fear, and hope among other emotions. However, this is not true for computers and machines in general.

Why do constructivists believe that identity matters Do you agree Essay

Why do stimulateivists believe that identity matters Do you agree Critically respect - Essay ExampleIt is with this respect that Constructivism as a theory tries to explain how humans learn and construct their knowledge and understanding of their environment.Checkel (1998) found that knowledge acquisition is a continuous active process whereby pupils play to construct or develop ideas which are normally based on their previous and current knowledge. In order to make decisions, learners depend on cognitive complex body part to formulate hypothesis and come up with decisions based on the selected information. Klotz and Lynch (2007) described cognitive structure as a mental structure that gives a learners experience some organization and meaning. Although learners always come across newfound experiences, constructivists believe that an single(a) possesses internal power to give meaning to their new experiences (McGrew, 2011a). McGrew (2011b) further argues that the power resides barely within an individual and not within the institution that surrounds them. Alexander Wendts theory of constructivism is based on the identity concept of an individual in the process of knowledge acquisition (Checkel, 1998).Identity being the ticker concept of Constructivism theory, Price and Reus-Smit (1998) defined it as an aspect that uniquely distinguishes an individual from the rest. An aspect that an individual tends to force back pride in and which more or less cannot be changed. Checkel (1998) found that identity is influenced by the learners background and cultural origin, since people adapt what they come across in the society they are raised in. In this regard, society plays a major role in molding up an individuals identity because learners build up knowledge based on their perspective of the experiences they encounter. Finnemore (2011) states that it is also indispensable to put into account the cultural background of an individual in their process of learning since it helps in influence out the knowledge that they create. Due to the diversity of cultures, individuals tend to

HRM-related issue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HRM-related issue - Assignment ExampleEvery musical arrangement must have a definite strategy in order to deliver positive results. The nominate of the strategy is to make sure the assets of the organization be used to improve the productivity of the organization. Apple employs impelling and professional HRM techniques that aim at keeping the caller both profitable and valuable. Some of the techniques include net drubing and teamwork. The political party has embedded emerging and effective strategies in a systematic way. The strategies argon embedded within fullr design of the organizational targets and goals. The strategies involve regularly up-skilling the valet de chambre alternative managers (Chanda & Shen 2009). The company is also integrating a mix of HRM policies as well as practices. The specific business strategy of the company takes into consideration a wide collection of factors. The business strategy of Apple Inc. is shaped by the core value of the company. Con versely, the core set of the company were considered while fall aparting HRM practices. Successful implementation of the HRM strategies depends on the ability to develop employees and managers who are willing to facilitate and acquire the necessary competencies and attitudes. Apple has invested in a self-disciplined workforce with the necessary skills. The rally point in the HRM strategy is the development of working practices and motivation that leads to increased flexibility and quality of work (Holbeche 2009). The HRM strategy seeks to have commitment and mutuality from the principle organizational players. Human resource management in the Apple Company implies that the contribution of the personnel is crucial to organizational success (Chanda & Shen 2009). According to the company, people are the most important asset. The company has embedded the HR strategy into the company policy. The employment practice is drive by the commercial intentions. The company uses and incorpor ates the human resources to the extent that they are compatible with the organizational objectives. Human resource managers must strive towards achieving a sense of collective purpose among all the organizational stakeholders. HRM must develop real strategic approaches which factor in the aspects of the employee relations with an aim of transforming the employees mindset (Tyson & York 2000). This makes the employees congruent with the business objectives of the company (Holbeche 2009). The HRM of Apple Company is careful to ensure that the cost of rewarding different groups, hiring and training employees is matched by their evaluate levels of contribution and market availability. The core employees of the Apple Company must undergo intense indoctrination into the core values of the company (Kaplan & Norton 2001). It is expected that these values are to be seen in the behavior of these employees. This is not the case with the peripheral employees of the company. Research shows there are instances where the empowerment of the employees is seen as a threat by the HRM (Tyson & York 2000). The strategic roles of the human resource manager entail the flattening of hierarchies to accommodate the market driven reorganizations of the multinationals (Tyson & York 2000). Apple Company has business units that are functional and ensures that products to be delivered are both quality and excellent (OGrady 2009). HRM strategy calls for increased employee involvement and teamwork. by means of HRM, groups within the organization must

Paper on the modern prison system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

account on the modern prison system - Essay ExampleContemporary research has shown a actually high rate of changes in the prison system and it is well to inquire whether this is a consequence of unhomogeneous calculates or it is just a mere coincidence. Going through the various factors in the contemporary prison system serve wells in understanding the changes that have taken place in the system over prison term and this is best done by using reports from Virginia that has a high number of prisons.The prison system that the boorish uses today and in the 20th snow is the same. In the 20th century, the prisons experienced major reforms in cost of the structure and the staffing. However, one major aspect that the system did not accommodate was the technological characteristic (Wilson). engine room in major institutions is one very important characteristic as in the 21st century most of the education relayed to students is through technology. For example, calculators have com e in as a great cut to serve the contemporary students with faster ways of calculating in fields such as chemistry, natural philosophy and mathematics.The fact that there has not been any introduction of the new technology devices in the prison system is a factor showing that it is not a coincidence that there is a lack of literacy in the prison system. Where there are these gadgets in the prison system, many inmates would develop professional knowledge that would assist them in the advancements of a career. Upon release from the system, they would get proper jobs that would help them shun all criminal activities therefrom making the environment a safer place. Lack of the gadgets in the prisons encourages the prisoners to engage in or form black-market groups in prisonsThe contemporary days, the economic condition in the outside world is one other factor linked to the high amount of crime in the prisons as compared to older times. In the contemporary times, the place of recessi on have been steadily on the rise and thus making people engage in activities that

Hopes and Dreams of the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hopes and Dreams of the United States - Essay ExampleI craved to pursue further studies and I hope that education be given the first priority by every family in America without any concern about the finances and avoid home schooling. The life style of those employed and unemployed is no different but some people believe that immigrants lessens their opportunity to deposit a job, I hope that this misconception be cleared as it only depends upon the qualification of the person.Since ages race has played a major role in America differentiating Blacks and Whites, even today there is certain differentiation seen in the society we live. There are certain incidents to portray the discrimination the likes of airlines security check or crime investigation where blacks would be the first to be targeted rather than whites, I hope to see that the discrimination is totally vanished and all are provided with equal rights. Health care concerns cod been going on for a long time majority affectin g the poor and middle socio-economic class families but until today there isnt any proper solution to the problem, I hope that proper wellness care needs are provide to every person. The concerns about mortgage has increased as banks started to exsert loans to people with poor credit history leading to overall depression, I wish the situation stabilizes making it easy to buy a house of my dreams. My hopes and dreams for United States of America lies in attaining happiness, peace, health, education, family, wealth, jobs and never the less beloved put together in harmony which might differ from every other person who ingest different aspirations and

Philosophy of Nursing Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Nursing EssayOne cannot achieve overall wellness unless they ar physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially well. All of these aspects must be at optimal best allowing one to purpose well in life. Physical health is obtained by following a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and constricting exposure to toxins (drugs, alcohol, pollution). It is also important to have oral and physical examinations at regular intervals and to practice contraceptive measures to combat possible illnesses. Mental and emotional health can be referenced interchangeably. They are varied in theory but encompass rough of the same factors. Managing daily stressors such as work, relationships, and pecuniary resource can prevent the occurrence of stress induced mental health issues such as clinical depression and anxiety. A socially healthy individual is able to coexist among disaccordent types of spate with unwrap experiencing harmful conflict. It involves the major power to com promise and contribute to meaningful relationships. Social well being is also exemplified through good communications skills, maintaining meaningful relationships, respecting oneself and others, and creating a reinforcement system that includes family members and friends.Illness has a physical or mental effect. If a person is diagnosed with a physiological ailment or disease, that person is physically ill. If a person suffers from a mental disorder or disease such as depression, anxiety, or substance abuse, that person is mentally ill. When a person is ill it can simply be described as the opposite of the higher up mentioned states of well being, however, illness can occur (even if an individual takes all the necessary preventative measures) simply as a result of genetic predisposition. Person There is a broad range of treat patients.The common of most care for care recipients is they are ill or have been altered from their mental or physical normalcy. The most common breast f eeding client is a patient in a unsexs office. Individuals with previous hospitalizations and those who have never been hospitalized most likely have had visits to their doctors office which involves contact with a take up. Characteristics or traits that most patients have in common are fear, anger, powerlessness, humility, and appreciation. Often patients are uneducated of the nursing process, thus not able to identify the purpose of the nurse and how influential nurses are to the healing process.If and when the patient has the capacity and willingness to learn, care plans are the most effective method to inform the patient of what is going to make it and the contributions expected of them during their hospitalization. Environment There is a wide variety of environments where nursing is practiced. Hospitals are most dwell by patients receiving skilled nursing care. The environment is usually conducive to providing care while focusing in general on patient satisfaction. While s ome hospitals strive to go across attractor programs, few have achieved magnet status.Magnet status is the staple of excellent nursing care. An increasing number of patients are familiarizing themselves with the marches Magnet and broadening their expectations. Hospitals are usually fast paced as nurses collaborate with other nurses, physicians and case managers to implement an individualized care plan upon admission. Home care is of growing interest for many nurses mainly in response to the autonomy this field offers. Nurses are able to generally schedule their visits around demands of their private lives.Patients homes differ greatly.Cleanliness or lack there of, many family members present or the patient lives alone with no support system, safe neighborhoods or high crime areas are some factors that contribute to the environment, influencing nursing care in the home. Some home health agencies provide the nurse an abundance of supplies to deliver patient care, however some agen cies do not have the same budget capabilities. In this case the patients care can be compromised or postponed until the nurse is provided necessary items. A negative connotation is primarily given to skilled nursing facilities (or SNFs) by patients and their families.This is mainly due to expectations of receiving an abundance or RN level care. Patients are not apprised that SNFs are usually staffed with mostly LVNs and CNAs with one or two RNs to manage the facility through communication with physicians, delegating tasks to nursing staff, and utilizing critical thinking skills in emergent situations. Nursing During nursing school interviews, nurses are posed the most commonly asked question, Why do you want to become a nurse? The usual response, Because i like helping people, is very much given without hesitance.This is the easy, less thought provoking answer to this question and usually from an inexperienced nurse. Helping people is what nurses do, however it is a result of car rying out the many tasks required end-to-end a day of nurse duties. Nursing is not just about helping people, it is not just about being a caring and nice person. Nurses are highly intelligent individuals who encompass and apply an abundance of knowledge end-to-end their day of work while perfecting the art of prioritizing. Engaging in dirty work while spirit multi system failure is among the many gifts of nurses.The stereotype of nurses is a woman who almost fearfully respects and answers to doctors carrying out doctors orders with the mannerisms of servants. Actually, nursing is the contrary of that belief. Nurses are prepare to question physicians when in doubt of the accuracy of their orders. Nurses are trained to be concerned with the patient as a whole and to book of facts all of their call for, promoting wellness throughout all realms of life and not just the physical illness. An excellent nurse understands that a patient needs to be well physically, mentally, and socia lly in order to be considered healthy.The nurse will attempt to address and settle theses issues before nursing care ceases. Communication plays a big role in nursing and is one major difference between nursing and medicine. Nurses generally spend more time with patients than doctors, every during a shift or frequent visits, thus increasing communication and familiarity with patients. While there are many different theories of nursing, all nurses must have one thing in common. Nurses must greatly enjoy helping others to deliver excellent nursing care.

Hybrid electric vehicle Essay Example for Free

Hybrid electric vehicle EssayQD = f? P, PS, PC, Y, A, AC, N, CP, PE, TA, T=S ? 2. 1 where QD = step demanded of (e. g. , Toyota Prius or Chevy Volt) P = price of the good or service (the auto) PS = price of flip goods or services (e. g. , the popular gasoline-powered Honda Accord or Chevy Malibu) PC = price of complementary goods or services (replacement batteries) Y = income of consumers A = advertising and promotion expenditures by Toyota, Honda, and General Motors (GM).AC = competitors advertising and promotion expenditures N = size of the potential target market (demographic factors) CP = consumer tastes and preferences for a greener form of transportation PE = expected future price appreciation or depreciation of hybrid autos TA = purchase adjustment quantify diaphragm T/S = taxes or subsidies on hybrid autos QS = f? P, PI , PUI, T, EE, F, RC, PE, T=S ? (Equation 2. 2) where Qs = cadence supplied (e.g. , of domestic autos) P = price of the autos PI = price of inputs (e. g. , sheet metal).PUI = price of unused substitute inputs (e. g. , fiberglass) T = technological improvements (e. g. , robotic welding) EE = entry or exit of other auto sellers F = accidental add up interruptions from fires, floods, etc. RC = costs of regulatory compliance PE = expected (future) changes in price TA = adjustment time period T/S = taxes or subsidies.Product A is more riskier as Std dev / mean = 0. 8 and for Product B it is 0. 5 thus A is more riskier Not yet rated Anonymous 1 hour later fot this we will calculate the coefficient of variation of both the product. coefficient of variation= SD/meanx100 coefficient of variation of Product A= 40000/50000100= 80% coefficient of variation of Product B= 12500/250000100= 5% higher the coefficient of variation higher will be the risk, therefore Product A is more risker.

Sherlock Holmes the original Essay Example for Free

Sherlock Holmes the cowcatcher EssayThis is so that he is able to solve the crimes with let out getting too involved. If he became a fighter of whizz of the people involved with a crime it would be difficult to look on them from a distance and work the crime out. All detectives argon shown to pull in an accomplice aiding them in their work. Holmes has Watson, international Morse code has Lewis, Poirot has Hastings, and Jonathan brook has . She helps Creek in his detective work. She deducts and works things out only one level down from Creek, to that extent she will neer be the one to find he final answer. This is like Lewis, who n of all time solves the crime.The loss hither is that Lewis doesnt give Morse overmuch help in his detective work. He generally lets Morse do all the mentation and waits for Morse to tell him whats going on at the end. Although Hastings gives Poirot a bit of help he never comes up with the full answers or solves the mysteries. Poirot, Morse and Creek are genuinely similar to Holmes in this way because Watson maybe gives him a few ideas, but will never be the one to solve the crime, by pulling all the clues and deductions together. Women are not of much rice beer to Holmes. He never has a relationship with a woman.The only time a woman has ever been of any interest to Holmes, is Irene Adler, who is known to him as the woman. He would never have a relationship with her though. Morse, however, has had umteen relationships with women. He is obviously interested in them as he says, She seemed rather attractive to me. He similarly comes across as interested in women because he asks the attractive woman in his choir out to a film and notices when she is not at choir. In one episode of Inspector Morse, he accuses a woman of a crime. When he realises she didnt do it she begins to cry so he passes her a tissue.This shows he is thinking about her feelings. He then gives her a hug, which is very unusual for a detective. What make s Morse and Holmes similar here is that Morses relationships never work out for one reason or another. This shows he is incapable of making a relationship with the opposite sex work. From looking at and studying these detectives, it is possible to say that the majority of fabricated detectives have been based on Sherlock Holmes. He has a unique method of detection, which other writers have used as a characteristic for their detectives.Morse, Creek, Frost, Poirot and Holmes all use deduction as their way of closure the crimes. each(prenominal) detective feels that the senses mislead and that guesswork and theorising before data is often wrong. This shows they all think in the same way. Each detective has that same sarcasm in their humour, saying that their problems are pretty and charming. or so detectives speak at least two languages and often mix the two. Showing they are bright and intellectual. Each detective likes classical music and is involved with it in some way i. e. pla ying an instrument or singing in a choir.Morse has the same flaws as Holmes Morse drinks, Holmes takes drugs. Morse cannot keep up a relationship, Holmes never starts one. Morse in unorganised and likewise is Homes. Each detective is very much involved in his work. These characteristics, idiosyncrasies and methods of detection are certain to have originated from somewhere. Inspector Frost was created in 19 , Cracker was created in 19 , Jonathan Creek was created in the 1990s, Inspector Morse was created in the 19 , Hercule Poirot was created in the 1930s, and Sherlock Holmes was created in the late 1890s.Through knowing when each detective was created and studying each one in detail, it is obvious that Sherlock Holmes certainly was the first fictional detective. This allowed future authors/creators to build on his very strong characteristics and although many of Holmes character traits are used they have built on his character and sometimes developed it. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written human of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Labeling theory Essay Example for Free

Labeling possibility EssayStereotypes argon thoughts adopted most a person or a group of mountain that may or may non be true. In reality a stereotype does not really have a definition. Different community view stereotypes differently. Researchers and psychologists have different definitions what a stereotypes merelyt joint actually be. Some slew regard stereotypes as being a negative thing, might go as far as saying it is prejudice. This is because cultures mark others differently. If a person does not understand a culture but sees a trend they assume that the whole culture must be that means. This is an ideal of what stereotyping means to most.Psychologists Yueh-Ting Lee and Charles Stangor have their own believes on stereotypes. They do not agree on what stereotyping is, but both add a valid explanation. Yueh-Ting Lee a professor from the Westfield State College is a psychologist that has researched and wrote about stereotypes in our cultures. He believes that ster eotypes might be perceived as a negative thing because they entangle generalizing a culture or person. Lee believes that stereotypes are far from the truth. He doesnt believe that a person or culture can be generalized to whiz thing.The world is a orotund place that can be very unfamiliar to most people. People that have never traveled the world or seen many cultures do not truly understand these places. Most of the people in the world fall under this curious but unaware category. Lee believes that stereotypes are needed for these kinds of people. What disclose way to start understanding a culture then looking at the stereotypes? He believes that stereotypesare a starting point in understanding the different people and cultures. Stereotyping is a belief we use to categorise people, objects and events.Lee says that these stereotypes ordain help uncertain people deal with all the information about the grand cultures on earth. All this leads Lee to believe that stereotyping is a good and necessary way of obtaining opinions on people and cultures. Charles Stangor a psychologist from the University of Maryland College Park has his view on stereotypes. He does not share the same views as Lee in regards to stereotyping being a useful or good thing. Stangor leans more into the idea that people need to rate others in order to know where they stand. This is an aspect of stereotyping shared by many.The fact that one culture or person leave behind generalize another culture or person into a group based on who they are and what they do. Stagnor believes that powerful people use stereotypes to exploit selected groups of people. There are many negative stereotypes that arise from people generalizing on one aspect of a person or culture. For example African Americans are strike offed to be good athletes but portrayed not to be as smart as Asians or whites. Stagnor believes that is a manipulation, and that stereotypes cannot be true, therefore they cannot be used to evaluate a person or their culture.Stagnor believes that generalizing can lead to more serious things like racism, sexism, or other prejudice. Stereotypes cannot be labeled as a good thing. This planet has many different people, cultures, beliefs, and races. Every individual human being is different than every other human. If this is all true then how can we label people into categories? A human is not something up for sale and cannot be labeled and shelved in a specific section. This is maybe true about whole groups of people from the same race or culture. interchangeable Stagnor believes stereotyping leads people to become prejudice against others.Labeling a race into one category is racism in a sense. A common stereotype is that all African Americans are great athletes but not as smart as other cultures. This is viewed because a lot of them are professional athletes. Being athletic does not make someone less intelligent, or being smart does not mean someone cannot be an athlet e. This is an example of viewing a race only through one lense. People give not be able to understand other cultures if they only see someone from one side. Lee argues that stereotypes will lead us to understand or just began understanding someone.What if someone takes these stereotypes and sticks to that idea about someone. This will lead people to generalize races and cultures into one idea. This will be a harmful stereotype because we will be unable to look past that one idea. Negative stereotyping will lead humans to be intolerable of other races and cultures. People must understand why someone different then themselves is the way they are. If a select group of people are labeled in some way we cannot label the whole race that way. We have to give the rest of that race a chance. The least we can do is to understand a race before we pass a judgment.

A review of my personal crime prevention strategy Essay Example for Free

A review of my personal crime pr even outtion strategy EssayMy imagination for the preventative crime strategy is aristocratic medicine bringing up. In many European countries, softer inebriants like vino and beer ar not policed as strongly as touchy liquor. The humor behind this began in Germany when tipsiness was beginning to become to a greater extent and much prevalent. Said problem was thought to be solved if alcohol was introduced differently. To be introduced to the family or at a younger age, as slight of a risky or suicidal or rebellious thing. This has led to a vagabond in alcoholism as these drinks argon normalized from a young age. In turn, the United States school system has, for decades, been using the D.A.R.E. program but this has been shown not to actually work. It intents fear mongering and essentially educating students that if they were to come in contact with cannabis, they would die. This does not, has not, and exit continue not to work. My radical is to create a strategy of soft drug education. This means treating marijuana, though schedule 1, as a weak or even purely/mostly checkup drug instead of a dangerous admission to amphetamines or heroin. So by removing the stigma of being a gateway, I hope to slay it from actually becoming one.Marijuana education would be taught differently especially as decriminalization and legalisation continue throughout the country in various stages. As of now, it is schedule 1, which means it has no aesculapian properties. Currently, even cocaine is ranked as schedule 2, meaning it can be used in some medical scenarios. Marijuana is in any case often spoken of as a starter drug or gateway drug. An idea that began as simply an idea, but recently has become more of a reality. Drug dealers lacing the marijuana with addictive drugs, or mental addiction, even with people just chasing the game. and a new education could reframe the plant. This would be done so the young people comi ng in contact with it know what it does, what it looks like, and how it feels. Lying about drugs no longer works in a digital age. A heroin addict I once spoke to talked about how no one ever so said how good drugs could feel, so if they lied about that and lied about weed killing you, why not keep trying? The gateway effect was not due to him wanting to try more drugs just to try more drugs. He had felt that if marijuana had not been this addictive and deadly substance, the opposite dangerous drugs would not be either. The lie itself led him to those harder drugs. So essentially institute a calibration effect on marijuana. Remove the idea that it is a narcotic. The best-case scenario would be for it to be pay heedn as a medical drug first. Similar to Tylenol or cough syrup, a drug that is purely medical in the eyes of the public, first.The first way to go about it would be getting to the smokers first. Many times children will pick up a tobacco habit before marijuana and and t hen before hard drugs. So the first step would be printing medical information on cigarette cartons. more(prenominal) and more, tobacco companies have to put the cancer-addled pictures on the cartons, and though it is meant to be a deterrent from smoking, most smokers in all likelihood just dont look at it. This is instituted by the Surgeon General and thus cannot be fought by the tobacco companies. So putting medical facts and statistics would lead a wandering eye to see benefits of what they may have previously heard is a dangerous drug. From here, there would need to be the preeminence between marijuana and harder drugs sucks as heroin, methamphetamine, and LSD. Those listed previously are all scheduled as narcotic exclusively with zero medical use whatsoever. Again, cocaine is listed as safer than marijuana. So it is first important to work on changing this view. This could occur by interlacing the failing scare tactics with the benefits of marijuana. Many shops exist countr ywide, and even on South Street here in Philadelphia where tobacco paraphernalia are sold. So in those places make ads that may push marijuana and tobacco but put down hard drugs. on the lines of When you snort cocaine your heart explodes, when you smoke weed you get hungry. Different things similar to these. This along with the D.E.A. (Drug Enforcement Administration) rescheduling, the self-aggrandizing/population-wide feeling against the plant could begin to lift. If various states are legalizing and/or decriminalizing, along with the national government says it is less risky, people would be more open-minded.The most important push, however, would be the medicalization side. The best way to remove a stigma, to remove a dark side of something, is to make it beneficial. The inverse of this was seen with the medicine Sudafed. It was pulled from shelves when it became public knowledge that the drug could easily be used to manufacture forms of methamphetamine. Marijuana has already begun to be shown as a medicine. The drug has been used for soldiers to relieve post-traumatic stress dis range, with chem otherwiseapy patients it increases appetite, in various illnesses such as arthritis it stops inflammation. Marijuana already has shown the potential in many ways to be a medicine. A cheap, easy to create, strong, and it has multiple uses, drug. If it were to be rescheduled and pushed publicly, in news or music or shows, as less of a narcotic and more of a medication, the stigma would fall away.This relates to companionship crime prevention in many ways. The first idea of which is the connection to the basics needed to break a crime a place, a person to commit the crime, and a crime itself. Even without a straightforward target, if the drug is no longer seen as a drug wherefore the target is hardened. It is more difficult to see a legal, medical, plant as a dangerous and rebellious activity. This also falls into social disorganization theory, if marijuana is m edical and harder drugs fall away, then the usage of marijuana could be seen as a norm in communities similar to tobacco use or over the counter pain killers drug culture would begin to fall away and thus rougher communities could come together more against the harder drugs. A generation bypassing heroin use would more easily be able to push out the heroin dealers. So not only would the soft drug education lead to fewer people using the harder, more deadly drugs, but it could lead to communities pushing harder and more openly against drug dealing. (As a side note those who dealt/grew marijuana would easily be able to examine occupations in the then-legal marijuana growing industry, thus a legitimate job would prevent them from dealing other illicit drugs). As well as with fewer drug dealers present in neighborhoods, violence would drop dramatically. No more people violently high on cocaine or PCP or other uppers as well as no more drug-based robberies. Many drug dealers are robbed because they are seen as sources of money so either they get robbed or often times they will flow firearms and shoot their robbers. Either way, there would potentially be a drop. As well as the developing of marijuana by those who have (though illegally) been doing it for years could show to be lucrative and make low-economic-class areas into self-made endeavour zones. As discussed in class, there must be an audience to market these ideas too as well. in that location are two main audiences those who are 40 years old or cured, those 12 and younger. The older crowd in order to push the idea that marijuana is not harmful, the younger in order to push that it is really a medicine and to keep pushing for other drugs being dangerous.As the FBI and ATF speakers also spoke about, the Hobbes Act is extremely important. But the ATF speaker brought up a strong point marijuana can be grown anywhere hydroponically. It is currently not a Hobbes Act infringement because it cannot be traced. To tie in with my idea before, if Pennsylvania were to follow through with any of these ideas, then marijuana is no longer a drug and thus any/all sales of illicit drugs become federal crimes. There is nothing scarier than saying ALL _____ CRIMES ARE FEDERAL CRIMES and this would push drug sales into that category.The soft drug education has multiple parts. The rescheduling of marijuana, the bettered education and allowance of use, and the final step to make it publically seen as more of a medicine than a drug to get high off of. Especially since the indicia straining of marijuana (as opposed to sativa) mostly works with treating pain, hunger, insomnia, stress, anxiety, inflammation, and other medical ailments with less of a physical high from the drug. With the proper pushing to legalize then re-educate the masses, hard drug use would drop dramatically. The main exercise is not only to allow for a medication to be used by the medical community but if this works it should prevent the gateway effect. Within a generation, a large-scale drop in heroin, LSD, cocaine (crack and powder), Mescaline, ecstasy, and all other truly dangerous schedules 1 drugs. That is my crime prevention strategy. Prevent the gateway effect and thus prevent a generation of drug crimes or drug-related crimes (such as in Goldkamps trichotomy) on a massive scale.

The Importance of Literacy Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Literacy EssayTry and imagine our company without a viridity language. This could be quite a hard idea to fathom. Al broken me to assist you. If this hypothetical idea were in fact true, a typical conversation between cardinal individuals would be as follows one of the two would begin the conversation by making noises representing their language, the other person would not understand these noises and respond with unidentifiable noises to the first individual. As you elicit well imagine, this would get quite frustrating. Rita Mae Brown describes literacy as, a social contract, an hold upon representation of certain symbols (420). If the symbols (letters) meanings ar not agreed upon by those attempting to communicate, then interpreting one other becomes difficult. Simply stated, literacy is very important. Society has proven time and time again, it will reward those individuals who be fitting and impede those who are not, whether expressed in terms of e mployment opportunities (job success) or scarce on a social level.One need look no further than their everyday activities in order to go out how important literary skills are. Without adequate literary skills one may not be able to get a line on a label the correct amount of medicine to give a child, or take on and interpret a sign giving instructions on what to do in case of a fire. These two examples bring perspective to literacys importance. Nevertheless, recent surveys have indicated that, 4. 5 million Canadians, representing 24 percent of the eighteen-and-over group, can be visualiseed illiterate (Adult Illiteracy 5).Illiteracy is truly a problem within Canada. Although legion(predicate) groups are working to render the problem of illiteracy, much work still lies ahead. As our partnership moves on into the nigh century literacy is proving vital to economic performance. Without basic literary skills in ones possession they will become anomic in our rapidly ever-changing society. The modern worker must be able to adapt to the changing job-scene. This often means gathering new skills and knowledge from printed material, whether instruction manuals, computer programs, or classroom facts of life (text books).It is quite commonly the case that in high spiritsly skilled jobs desire a high level of literacy. Therefore, literary skill level is an important factor in predicting an individuals economic success. It will affect an individuals income, their employment stableness and whether they even receive employment opportunities. Presently, our mankind revolves around literacy. Simply being literate allows one to of all time upgrade ones literary skills to a higher level. It allows one to stay informed of happenings in and around the world through mediums such as newspapers and magazines.Knowing current news about what is going on in this ever changing world of ours is the key to staying ahead. Another thought to ponder is this, we rely on those with high literacy levels to record and document findings and happenings for future generations to reflect on. These writings would virtually likely be dull and wrong or would not exist at all without our current levels of literacy. When encountered from a social standpoint, literacy remains just as important as when viewed from the economic standpoint.Linda Macleod of the National Associations Active in Criminal Justice, points out that, 65 percent of wad entering Canadian prisons for the first time have trouble denotation and writing, low literacy is part of a constellation of problems that can limit choices in life and thus lead people to criminal activity (20). Somebody in possession of a high level of literacy will most likely be well informed and tend to make wiser decisions. By obtaining this level of literacy they have alike gathered a large vocabulary giving them many words to choose from to express their ideas and feelings.Conversely, many would agree that a conversation with one who has a good grasp of the English language is always more delightful than with one who is less educated. Literacy can act as a window, opening ones view to the world. Presently, we are being bombarded with information, news, trivia and gossip (not that this is always a positive feature in our lives). Without fit literary skills one cannot even absorb any of this information. These people will miss out on many of lifes benefits, socially as well as economically. Without sufficient literary skills one would have a tremendously difficult time functioning in our current world.Think about your average day, consider how many times you refer to your literary skills to aid you, could you function without those skills? Finding an address, reading a map, reading a menu, performing a bank transaction, these are just a few common tasks that require your literary skills. Also, when looking at the importance of literacy to our nation, its value is evident. High levels of literacy thro ughout all sectors of Canadas workforce are necessary, low literacy levels of workers affect Canadas ability to perform in the increasingly competitive international marketplace (Literacy 7).literary skills become building blocks. First creating a well- educated society, then a highly skilled dig up force which can compete and adapt to the changing market. These factors lead to an increase in economic branch within the nation which in turn, results in a higher standard of living for its people. As our society moves forward into the future, a higher level of literacy will become more important to ones level of success. Where would our society be without our ability to exchange knowledge and information?How many times have you made a purchase that read on the outside instructions inside? You and I think nothing of this, and in a sense take our gift for granted. For many, deciphering written instructions is a near impossible task, ask for assistance does little more than to further lower their self esteem. Literacy is important. To truly seize the benefits possible in ones life it has to be accepted that literacy is the key. Society will continue to reward skilled individuals and disadvantage those who are not.

Theobromine Essay Example for Free

Theobromine EssayTheobromine is very similar to caffeine but has two less henry atoms. Theobromine is the substance in drinking chocolate that croupe be toxic to animals. It also has a bitter taste, and is plunge in higher quantities in dark chocolate than milk chocolate. Theobromine increases excretion of water from bodies, relaxes, and stimulates. There is no evidence of the relationship between the structure and functions. Theobromine is an alkaloid belonging to the methylxanthine group.It is made up of seven carbon atoms, eightsome hydrogen atoms, four nitrogen atoms, and two oxygen atoms. Theobromine is very similar to caffeine but is cristal times weaker. Caffeine has two more hydrogen atoms than theobromine. The structure of theobromine also contains two amide groups and three amine groups. Theobromine naturally occurs in cacao beans and is instal in all chocolate products. It is what is toxic in chocolate to animals. Cardiac and central nervous system distress in dogs can be caused by 100-200 mg of theobromine per kg of the weight of the dog.It is toxic because animals metabolize theobromine much slower than humans. Theobromine has a bitter flavor, therefore found in higher quantities in dark chocolate than milk chocolate. Theobromine also increases the excretion of water from bodies, relaxes, and stimulates. It can also be used to dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure. There is no advantageously accessed evidence of the relationship between the structure and functionality of theobromine.

Proposal for Artemis Sportswear Company Essay Example for Free

Proposal for Artemis Sportswear company EssayProposal for Artemis Sportswear Company for cutting operational expenses to increase profit margins whatever ideas. As a business, Artemis sewer cut lot the operational costs by down-sizing the labor force so the company can compete with new(prenominal) sportswear companies. There are two ways a company can down-size the labor costs, angiotensin converting enzyme of these is down-scaling the direct labor, and the different one would be to relocate the labor and obtain cheaper labor force. Reduce Employee Costs. outsource any jobs where a full-time employee is not necessary. This will cut your payroll expenses, health-care costs and space requirements. offer a reward scheme for employees who do not take any sick days in a year or six-month period. The cost of the reward is minimal compared to the savings made by the company. quite than pay overtime rates, try re-organizing the work rosters and routines to prevent the need for o vertime. Offer staff incentives for reducing their person-to-person days and sick leave taken. Hire college students or interns-Internship programs are a win-win for both sides.You get an pushful employee who will do monotonous work and they get college credit, experience and hopefully, an excellent reference. Cutting everyday expenses can lower operational expenses. When acquire office supplies, generic is going to be less expensive than distinguish name. Buying the store brand is generally sold at a lower cost. Buying supplies in bulk is cost effective over a long period of time. Leasing equipment is better than buying equipment. When leasing you invite the opportunity to upgrade or downgrade when necessary.Technology is always changing and improving, so by leasing there is the option to stay current with the new changes in the equipment. Smaller equipment such as telephones, printers, fax machines and calculators should be purchased not leased. Smaller equipment will hold i ts value over time and can be comfortably replaced if needed. Try shopping for bargains or sales whenever possible. Company could go green by using products that bewilder less waste, or less energy. Curb your business move around and cut costs where you can.Meeting with long-distance call clients is costly and it can be expendable for some businesses, but travel can also be the most beneficial expense for a business. Fortunately, modern technology can replicate the experience at a much lower cost such as communicating through Skype or some other form of video chat link. Cut out the landline and fax line with Blackberrys and iPhones, and everything matched for email, who needs them? Conceder free advertising whenever possible, try piggybacking your advertising.Including advertising material in other mailings, such as in invoices, saves postage and other costs, says J. Donald Weinrauch, co-author of The Frugal Marketer. Likewise, make the most of your point-of-purchase opportun ities by tucking coupons, newsletters or other promotional fliers in the bag with customers purchases. Hire independent contractors or temporary workers as needed. Outsource your payroll, benefits and HR. determine a virtual assistant or answering service to reduce payroll.Some IT Department solutions, mathematical operation Automation allows a smaller management team to effectively handle a larger cast of systems Intelligent Software Delivery allows companies to more accurately assess how many licenses they will need when purchasing software Endpoint Virtualization reduces downtime for application conflicts and provides a secure workspace when roaming Power Management Capabilities documents compliance with energy pulmonary tuberculosis policies and may provide rebates from local power companies Remote Diagnostic Tools reduces required IT travel time and travel budgets.

Explain how the mechanicals bring humour into the play Essay Example for Free

Explain how the mechanicals mold humour into the typify EssayThe mechanicals in A summer solstice Nights Dream argon the group of actors that bring most of the comedy to the lick. This is done by the mechanicals resembling the more retarded group expose of the four featured in A midsummer Nights Dream. In the book, the mechanicals are called the Clowns. This implies that they are always fooling around never getting any work done and perhaps fashioning people laugh. Maybe Shakespeare called them the Clowns because they convey most of the humour towards the audience in A Midsummer Nights Dream.However, the mechanicals play near the end of A Midsummer Nights Dream is a serious play where they do non mess around as they do in the rest of the book. This might suggest that the name Shakespeare gave to the actors (Clowns) does non imply all that it is supposed to. From the start we establish that bed takes his role as a draw and we notice that others look up to him as if t hey are respecting his authority. One of the characters names (Bottom) sounds rude now, but digest when the play was first performed the word bottom meant courageous.Nick Bottom comes across in A Midsummer Nights Dream as thunderous, friendly, and a little over-confident. He comes across to the other actors in the mechanicals as dull or dull, insecure and irritating (e. g. when Bottom wants to play all the lay outs in the play And I may hide my face, let me play Thisbe too Ill speak in a horrible little voice). Bottom as well as says that he will play every part in their play flawlessly, and that he can act every single part. Instead, when Bottom is rehearsing his part in the play, he messes everything up (pronouncing words wrong Odious instead of odorous) and he forgets lines.In the end, he just plays Pyramus. The way the mechanicals bring humour into A Midsummer Nights Dream is mainly through Nick Bottom. Bottom is the fool in the play always getting things wrong. Bottom co mes across as a little dumb maybe eccentric. He gets his words wrong, comes up with feeble ideas, and has a maculation put on him by Puck. The spell transforms Bottoms head into an asss head. I think it would convey more humour to A Midsummer Nights Dream by having Bottom transform into an ass entirely.Near the end of A Midsummer Nights Dream, in act 5 scene 1, the mechanicals act out their play. Many things bring humour into A Midsummer Nights Dream at this point. Peter Quince tells the audience that the lion is not a lion, but stuffy the joiner. The audience would sack out that the lion is not a real lion, as it is just common sense. When Snug is playing the part of the lion, Snug doesnt want to scare the audience so the actor roars as softly as he can. Snug also explains that he is not really a lion, but playing the part of a lion.This may mean that when the play was performed, being a lion was a disgrace, or an insult. The result of Snug explaining that he is not really a lio n, but playing the part of, is that he will not be shamed after the play, or be booed by Theseus. After Snug is finished explaining the he is not a lion, he earns approval from Lysander, Theseus and Demetrius (the stage audience). Shakespeare uses language to create moods and atmosphere within the characters, and also make the characters think how they are feeling. The main mood created in of A Midsummer Nights Dream is that of humour.He creates these moods by the descriptive writing he uses in his sentences. His sentences are well structured, and he chooses the places well where he makes the characters speak in prose and verse. For instance, when the mechanicals are talking casually together, they speak in verse when acting out their play in front of the duke, they speak in prose. Some of the misunderstandings of the mechanicals are when Puck puts the spell on Bottom. Quince says O monstrous O strange We are haunted Pray, masters, fly, masters Help This shows that they are unsure o f what to think of Bottom, and Bottom is oblivious to the fact that he has an asses head on him. Instead Bottom starts singing (to show that he id not afraid of what they are saying to him). This in turn wakes titanic oxide up, who has had the love juice put on her eyes. As she wakes up, she instantly falls in love with Bottom. This is resounding of the fact that of A Midsummer Nights Dreams main mood it creates is that of humour and that it is mainly the mechanicals that are involved in, or create the humour.

A Thai Learner in the Learning Context Essay Example for Free

A Thai Learner in the Learning Context Essay1. IntroductionThe Cambridge credentials in face Language Teaching to Adults (CELTA), offered by the University of Cambridge (ESOL Examinations), is run in over 120 centers around the world and it is considered by many authorities as the most important form of training in the TELF (Teaching position as a Foreign Language) industry. Between 30th of August and 24th of September 2004 I attended the Cambridge CELTA course at English and information processing system College (ECC) from Bangkok.Cambridge ESOL is a not-for-profit de deductment of the University of Cambridge. It is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group, Europes largest sagaciousness agency. Cambridge Assessment was established in 1858 as the University of Cambridge local Examinations Syndicate (UCLESS). Cambridge ESOL provides exams and tests covering a large jog of subjects and levels with more than 8 million assessments taken every year in over 150 countries. Englis h and Computer College was established in 1990 and is the largest private language school from Thailand, with more than 50 branches spread either over the country. It runs a wide variety of courses from general conversation and grammar to specialized test preparation. It also provides pre-service and in-service instructor training programs for native and non-native spillers of English.During the CELTA course that I attended, the trainers exposed the students (most of them teachers of English themselves) to the principles of effective teaching while the students acquired a range of practical skills for teaching English to adult learners. The course included theory sessions, teaching coif with real students, observation of experienced teachers and completion of a range of practically decocted written assignments. The hand over paper was reinforced upon one of these assignments. It is a case study of a Thai young cleaning lady who was a student in my CELTA teaching practice lesso ns. The paper focuses on the learner in the learn context and identifies specific problems and recommends ways of dealing with the language problems that the interviewed student encountered . The paper ends with the rationalefor the recommended activities and an overall conclusion.2. visibleness of the learnerThe student I chose to observe and interview was Miss P.R. Her nickname is Nun, and she comes from Thailand. She was 24 years former(a) at the time of the interview in 2004 and graduated from Busayarat Commercial School from Bangkok, with a degree in Computers in 1998. She had been studying English ever since primary school, when she was taught the basics of the English language. In high school, her English teachers focused mainly on vocabulary work, and during her university studies she had a few classes of English every week. She had been studying English by herself and had taken assorted language courses intensively since 2003. She joined the CELTA English classes at Eng lish Computer College in Bangkok on the 30th of August 2004. She attended all the classes, joining her 15 classmates v times a week.Miss P.R. had an outgoing personality. She was always willing to take part in the activities that the teachers watchful for the CELTA English lesson at ECC. The materials used by the teachers during the lessons varied, ranging from visual aids to worksheets, tape recorders, books, and game boards. Each lesson she took part in different writing, reading, listening, or tattleing activities, but she also played fun games.When asked, she said that she believed the focus of the English lessons was mainly on speaking skills. She considered the lessons at ECC relaxed, and the students had and wanted to have a stripe of fun. She felt that the foreign teachers were friendly and that they all had interesting personalities, which were reflected in their teaching styles. She noticed that the teachers have different accents too. She confessed that some of the te achers talked too fast, and sometimes she had to translate or explain the activities to her classmates.In her opinion, a good teacher should be kind and listen to all the students in the class. She would the like teachers to pay more attention to the reeking students and have in mind the item that Thai students are shy and do not like to express their personal feelings. She thought it was a good idea for the teachers to force them the students to speak if they the students were reluctant to speak up in English.One of the main reasons why she was so outspoken was the fact that she had the chance to speak English outside the classroom with other foreigners too. Her educational background and her motivation were also important factors that built up her confidence.3. Specific problemsHer nationality was also important in her English learning context due to the fact that Thais have a specific mind set regarding languages. During my observations and interview I had noticed that she mad e denounce mistakes in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.

Used In Researching Audiences Media Essay

Used In Researching Audiences Media Es reckonMethods concentrate on counting and statistics and concentrate on on in-depth epitome of information dissemination. According to Hartley (2002, p. 11), The earreach is a construction motivated by the paradigm in which it is imagined, that is to say the assorted paradigms may cause the location of the audiences role to be disparate. To investigate on this, various method actings be needed. Referring to ethnic studies, quantitative and qualitative are two of the close to widely used methodologies in the arena of audience seek in which, moreover, qualitative methods have been regarded as generally preferable because they place fierceness on pagan meaning (Barker, 2012). Specifically, descriptive anthropology and inter raft are two of the most pop methods which blend in to qualitative methods and have been widely used in audience research during 1980s-1990s.This paper will focus on ethnography method and discourse method and then life-sustainingly analyze them by reviewing applicable studies. It will construct by three parts. The first and the second part will lay forbidden the theoretical di mensions separately of these two methods with looking at the advantages and limitations of them by employ the leading research pick ups from 1980s-1990s for display case Dorothy Hobsons research on housewives with radio and television set systemJanice Radways research on women leaseing the romanceDavid Morley focuses on the across the country audience. In part three, these two methods will be compared and contrasted.Ethnography used to be involven in anthropology test primordially, which is a branch of science describing a kind of farming or ethnic groups. Essentially, the ethnography method is a holistic description of cultural membership (Lindlof and Taylor, 2002). Specifically, according to Fetterman (1989), it is a process lead astray with in-depth and rich investigating, followed by interview, rec ord review, perspectives assessing, exploring the organizational data links, and finally write a report to be published. The characteristics of ethnography can be split into three aspects Firstly, it uses the holistic research view check. The ethnographer attempts to describe the culture or the neighborly group done the research of history, religion, politics, economy, and environment therefore, it emphasizes the circumstanceualization of data (ibid). Similarly, Geertz (1973, p.16) cotton ups that ethnography is thick description, ethnographers grasp the complexity of complaisant community and culture by using this thick description and restore audiences rendering from a half-size range of text organize to social and historical environment. Secondly, in this process, ethnographers should keep an open mind, trying non to see bug out any information. They do non mind spending several hours even merely chatting with interviewees they do a great deal of ceremony so that they can truly understand the authentic lives of audiences via cor do communications. With discourse analysis, investigators can trace the social power concomitantors behind the countersignatures which interviewees have said. However, this does non mean that researchers can conduct the interview with no explicit objectives a framework reflects their own pattern is allay needed to carry on an open style interview, seeking information as troops as possible. This issue was pointed out as with an open mind not an empty head by Fetterman (1989, p. 1). Thirdly, fieldwork is the most important factor in designing ethnographic method. Ruddock (2001) states that ethnography is attractive because it is based on instinctively occurring data rather than artificial materials. This method requires researchers conduct the fieldwork in a natural environment entering into the community of audiences instead of sitting in their offices and doing research in written form. It usually involves in-depth observation and investigation of a specific audience group or some cases. As Hammersley and Atkinson(1983cited in Barker, 2000) highlight that, researchers often immerse in the context, they participate in flocks fooling life for a long finale of time, observing what happens, reflexion the audiences, listening to their opinions, asking questions, analyzing what mess do with media, and how they rag sense of it. Above all, using ethnography in audience research compensates for the inadequacies of past studies. Ethnographic audience research had become a trend in the 1980s, and there were several studies becoming genuine works afterwards because they have take the ethnographic method.In the multiple cases of ethnography studies, Radways research which focuses on women reading the romantic fictions is recognized classic work. Sheconnected the pleasure women felt in reading romantic fiction with the subordinate status of women in the patriarchal family and then investig ated them and she found that the undercoat why women read romantic fictions was related to evading the pressure of toilsome housework. Radway (1984) demonstrates that the women treat reading the romance as a kind of independent declaration they seek to reconstruct their sexual activity subjectivity in utopian fantasy in order to resist patriarchal culture. In early stage, her focus of attention was text analysis, later changed to response research. At that moment, the content of text was no longer important, but reading itself is the process which establish the meaning and pleasure between text and reader, and the results cannot be predicted by the text itself (Curran, 1991).It seems to be undoubted that teaching the Roman plays a vital role in culture studies, largely due to the important ethnographic take chancesing of cultural consumption it provides. However, some debates challenge this view methodologist queries about observational research and epistemology feminists ar gue the blood between feminists and real women populist question its critical project. Modleski (1986, cited in Wood, 2004, ) accuses reading material the Romance has over liberated the pleasures the women get from reading fictions. Ang (1988, cited in Wood, 2004, ) states that the book does not take the possibilities of pleasure and fantasy seriously enough. Lauren Berlant (1987, cited in Wood, 2004) argues that Radway placed too much emphasis on describing the female identity. Although there are many critics about her lease, undeniably, the concept stressing the interacting between diverse disciplines which advocate by Reading the Romance lays a foundation in cultural studies and is regarded as a leading project for over twenty years, until now it has still been used as a compulsory reading for students to learn.In addition to print media, Dorothy Hobsons research on housewives and the mass media cannot be overlooked. The data is shown in Hobsons unpublished MA dissertation A S tudy of Working-Class Women at Home Femininity, Domesticity and Maternity. Through tittle-tattleing with housewives, Hobson (1980, p. 85) found that television and radio are never mentioned as spare-time or leisure activities but are located by the women as integral parts of their day. As for those housewives, television and radio were regarded as the important elements in their daily lives, even their work and rest time were formulated by broadcast. They considered the broadcast programs as a genius and a crucial way for them to contact with outside public and to eliminate loneliness. Based on gender differences the understandings of television can also be divided into two military mans which means men and women have miscellaneous preferences. This study marks the beginning of gender analysis on audience.Turner (1998) explains that Hobson did not take the audiences into the world of an academic researcher, while it was she who participated in their world. She entered into the audiences house, watching soap opera with them, observing and interviewing them during that period. After the programs finished, she used to talk with the audiences in an open type for a long time. She asked the audience to determine what is interesting, what do they like or dislike or what do they concern about in those programs they had watched before. The audiences were encouraged by her to tell the understanding why the program is popular or why it is criticized by them.To conclude, both these two studies carried out by Hobson and Radway have great significance in the history of audience research. Hobsons study is the first time that ethnographer study on the female audiences, and it is considered to be the first time in the history that ethnography is truly utilise in audience research. The main persona of this study is that it states the specific meanings of gender in the case of dealing with housework. Radway concurs in and further develops Hosons viewpoint of gender diff erences she concerned with the common populaces power in domestic context of consumption. In terms of the method in audience research, using ethnographic method should be a kind of progress or breakthrough because it has opened up an unprecedented field of research. The results of such research are conducted by the researchers personal participant companionship. The aim of research changes from a one-sided issue extends to an boilers suit scope of daily life researchers get out of their offices and enter into common peoples living room experience their real lives at least the visible behavior in their lives. Although this approach is still debatable however, as Zoonen (1994146) claims, in terms of the location of the researchers, there is no single truth in the world the reason why we acknowledge the truth is due to the participation of researchers, they learn to tell us, or to depict precise map. However, some limitations are still exist in ethnography. First of all, the relati onships between researcher and researched is difficult. Due to the fact that people often tell the truth to whom they are familiar with, so it is not easy for researcher to integrate into the community and to gain their trust. Ruddock (2001) notes that it is important to arrange researcher and researched in a relatively equal position. Moreover, ethnography requires researcher to stay with the community for a long period of time for instance, several months or even two or three years. Therefore it is a time-consuming task it may take a significant amount of human and material resource.InterviewMany researchers have found that interview is a particularly appropriate method to understand the experiences and opinions of researched. Kvale(1996, p. 1) proposes that if you want to know how people understand their world and their life, why not talk with them? As a most widely used method, it has three unprecedented characteristics to begin with, it is ordinarily a one-to-one, face-to-face conversation it involves someone interaction between researchers and researched. The interaction construct by interview is different from those usually found in public lectures, meetings or group discussions. Holstein (2001) suggests the relationship between researcher and researched is like a kind of friendship because of the equal and intimate conversation. Livingstone(2010) points out that interviews accommodate the way of research with rather than research on interviewees, it seems to be more personalized and humane. The second and the most important aspect is it is usually deep-going. The questions should not as simple as which magazine do you read? or how often do you read it?, they are much more complicated. It is conducted on the basis of individual matters for instance, interviewee themselves, cultural knowledge, personal experiences and opinions. Interview is a useful and effective way for researchers, which enables them to investigate the root number one wood of inte rviewees certain actions and their variants towards different circumstances. Lastly, interview is commonly used in addition to other methods or assemble with them to collecting data.David Morley uses interview method and applies Stuart Halls (1980) encoding/decoding baffle (He claimed that a message cannot be regarded as a ball which is passed on one by one simply, it should be understood as a process which the program producer encode it and the audience decode it) to the empirical studies. Morley (1980) researches the BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation) evening intelligence activity program across the country, and the purpose of this study is to test the audiences interpretations of television information and the different understandings related to their social classes or stratums. That is to say, through the Nationwide research, Morley tries to prove the process of meaning generated depends on the TV message and the social coordinate of the audience. Morley has arranged 29 groups of audiences according to their occupation, each group had 510 people. These 29 groups are divided into four types managers, students, TU officials and shop stewards. Morley made them watch two BBC evening news programs program A was Nationwide in May 10th, 1976 and program B was a similar program in March 29th, 1977. thusly he used focused interview and group interview to investigate the diverse understandings from different groups. centre interview analyzes some specific situations of the participants, which means to understand their subjective experience, and then get the responses of them. He modify the entire interview questions from open style to structuring type, such as do you think using the word to describe X is appropriate?(Morley, 1980). He believes that focused interview conforms to the natural situations, and the more structuring questions can make the topic even more real and natural.Morleys research provided empirical proof for Halls encoding/decoding mo del and it evoked strong repercussions in the field of mass culture while also incurred a lot of comment. Some scholars think Morleys study is not very successful, because it has not broken away from the traditional empirical study which considered the social backgrounds as variable quantity. Turner (1990) criticizes the research of Morley have several drawbacks Firstly, the community structure of the participants seems to be too simple dividing into four main categories. Moreover, the participants are not distributed in a natural situation, their interpretation are separated from the typical and real environment of television watching since general people usually watch television in the evening at home. So it is questionable whether their interpretations are reliable. Secondly, as participants are assigned with the people in same social class to watch TV programs, their interpretation can be influenced by others in the same group The last defect is in the the connection between tel evision program and audiences are the viewers willing to watch Nationwide which Morley provide to them? The television content are given by researcher instead of chosen by the audiences themselves, this situation makes the research biased. Morley (1986) also acknowledged that this research has ruined the result because of the rough supposition. Nevertheless, scholars still regard his study as an important turning-point in audience research, he transfers audience research from viewing the structure of text to exploring how the audience deal with the text, and the reformation makes a considerable daze on the development of reading ethnographic method (Moores, 1993). In the same way, Ang(2006) notes that The Nationwide Audience has generally been received as an innovative departure at bottom cultural studies, both theoretically and methodologically.For Morley himself, he has profoundly awarded from the deficiencies and revised methods in his later research to respond to the criticism of this study. In 1986, Morley launched another study of audience research with interview methodFamily Television. In this study, He aimed to find what affect peoples viewing experience, especially the interaction between family dynamics process and television-watching behavior. At first he attempted to study on the family social location and class identification however, he found that the doctrine through all the researched family is closely related to gender issue. So he began to study the gender differences impact on the viewing practices. He chose 8 topics and selected 18 households as a sample and the researchers personally entered in these families to interview the family members. The interviews aimed at both parents and children, generally last for one to two hours. In order to leave space for thinking and asking questions, the entire interviewed process is not structured. Moreover, due to the presences of other family members, as salubrious as the complicated interview qu estions, Morley was confident to get to the real interpretation. By using such a participation and observation method with interviews, Morley (1986) learned that the living-room politics heavily impact the family viewing reception so that it resulted in various viewing experiences for different family members. For these empirical differences, Morley recognizes it is not caused by the biological characteristics of men and women however, it depends on their different social roles in family. For men, family is a leisure field, while it is more likely to be a workplace for women. Since domestic environment is constructed by gender relations, it leads to a variety of viewing experiences.However, Stevenson (2002) maintains that although Morleys study reflects the different patterns of media in constructing social life, such life is actually surpassing the fact of the belief. In other words, Morley tends to overly emphasize the importance of audiences interpretation capacity in ideology. A lthough there are some criticisms, the contribution of Morleys two studies cannot be ignored. Similarly, As Tuner (1998) points out, Morleys study break through the theoretical model encoding/decoding put forward by Hall (1980), Hall concerned text is the key point of the way that viewers decode the text however, Morley focused on the social process itself of audience watching television. Turner (1998) confirms that Morleys study directly lead us to attach importance on the social forces which produces audience, thin out attention from text and audience. It stresses more extensive study on practice and discourse of everyday life.In summary, with facing (to) a totally unfamiliar world and objects, comprehensive and detailed descriptions are urgently needed. The holistic view and detailed fieldwork which contained by ethnography is in response to these needs. In other words, ethnography is a detailed report records the entire process and various kinds of approaches for researched. Ho wever, as all the other research methods, ethnography has its own limitation which is that not all of the social activities can be measured via participant observation or personal interviews. For instance, ethnography cannot be used to research the events of the past, it only can be carried out at present. In addition, ethnography cannot handle large-scale case study, such as large organizations or the whole country (Hammersley Atkinson, 1983). With mention to interview, it is useful and effective in collecting data, researchers can understand the experiences and perspectives through communicating with researched. Moreover, interview is also a good way to make audiences feel equal and relax. However, it is not suitable for all of the audience research. For example, it may not be able to insight into the role of the people or organizations which are outside the world of personal life of interviewees.To conclude, as two of the most popular methods, ethnographic and interview are ofte n used in cultural studies to explore indepth under a particular circumstances. As academic trends which grow out of specific historical context, and with the care of individual subjectivity, cultural studies always pays close attention to powers in practice of cultural phenomenon, constructing audiences as active users of media. It places audience in the social context therefore it breaks through the empirical audience research successfully. Even though scholars still have some controversy, the paradigm raised by the school of cultural studies really provides a different landscape of the interaction between audience and culture, which firmly establishes the characteristic status in audience research.Reading ListFetterman, D.M. (1989). Ethnography step by step. Newbury Park, CA SAGEHartley, J. 2002. Communication, cultural and media studies the key concepts. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge.Barker, C. 2000. ethnical Studies Theory and Practice. London SAGE.Lindlof, T.R. Tayl or, B.C. 2002. Qualitative Communication Research Methods. California SAGE.Ruddock, A. 2001. Understanding audiences Theory and method. London SAGE.Geertz, C. 1973. The interpretation of cultures. New York Basic Books.Hobson, D.1980 Housewives and the mass media. In Hall, S (ed.), Culture, Media, Language Working Papers in pagan Studies. London The Academic Division of Unwin Hyman, pp. 85-95Turner, G. 1998. British cultural studies An introduction. London Routledge.Purdie, S. (1992) Janice Radway, Reading the Romance, in M. Barker and A.Beezer (eds) Reading into Cultural Studies, pp. 148-64. London Routledge.Radway, J. 1986. Identifying Ideological Seams Mass Culture, Analytic Method, and Political Practice. Communication, 9, pp. 93-123.Wood, H. 2004. What Reading the Romance did for us? European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(2), pp. 147-154.Zoonen, L.V. 1994. Feminist media studies. London SAGE.Sonia Livingstone, Giving People a Voice On the Crticial share ofthe Interview in th e History of Audience Research, Communication,Culture G. Critique 3 (4, 2010) 566-71Kvale, S. 1996. Interviews an introduction to qualitative research interviewing Interviews. London SAGE.Holstein, J.A. Gubrium, J. F. 2001. Handbook of Interview Research Context and Method. London SAGE.Morley, D. (1980).The Nationwide Audience Structure and Decoding. London British Film Institute.Tunner, G. 1990. Audience in British cultural studies. BostonUnwin Hyman.Morley,D. 1986. Family Television Cultural occasion and Momestic Leisure. London Comedia.Moores, S. 1993. Interpreting audiences the ethography of media consumption. LondonSage.Ang, I. 2006 On the politics of empirical audience research. In Durham. M. G (ed.), Media and cultural studies keyworks. Oxford Blackwell, pp.174-194.Stevenson, K. 2002. Understanding Media Cultures Social Theory and Mass Communication. London SAGE.Hammersley, M. Atkinson, P.(1983). Ethnography Principles in practice.New York Tavistock.