Exam case financial accounting Essay

Solutions to Exercises and Problems Tutorial 1 IFM Case 2-2 Case 2-2 SKD Limited 1.Goodwill There is no goodwill amortization expense in Country A, so the goodwill amortization expense recognized by SKD must be added back to determine income under Country A GAAP. SKD amortizes goodwill over a longer period (20 years) than is allowed in Country B (5 years), so an additional amount of goodwill amortization expense must be recognized to determine income under Country B GAAP, which reduces Country B GAAP income. b.The goodwill adjustment affects the retained earnings in stockholders’ equity. The increase in Country A GAAP income results in an increase in retained earnings and the decrease in Country B GAAP income results in a decrease in retained earnings. c.The adjustment to income is for the current year only. The adjustment to stockholders’ equity is cumulative. The fact that the stockholders’ equity adjustment is three times as larger as the income adjustment implies that the goodwill was purchased three year ago. 2.Capitalized Interest a.The adjustment labeled â€Å"Capitalized interest† relates to the interest that is not expensed but instead is capitalized under Country A GAAP. The adjustment labeled â€Å"Depreciation related to capitalized interest† relates to the depreciation of the interest that was capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. b.The first adjustment increases income because interest is not being expensed immediately but instead is capitalized as part of the cost of the asset to which it relates. The second adjustment decreases income because under Country A GAAP, the asset to which interest is capitalized has a larger cost and therefore a larger depreciation expense. c.Both income adjustments are closed out to retained earnings and partially offset one another. The increase to income of $50 and the decrease of $20 result in a net increase in retained earnings of $30. 3.Fixed Assets a.When fixed assets are revalued to a higher amount, there is an increase in their carrying value with an offsetting increase in stockholders’ equity to keep the balance sheet in balance. The amount by which the assets are revalued is subject to depreciation, which results in a larger depreciation expense. The adjustment to recognize this additional depreciation expense decreases income under Country B GAAP. It also decreases stockholders’ equity (retained earnings). The decrease in retained earnings from additional depreciation is smaller than the increase in stockholders’ equity from revaluation of assets, which results in a net increase in stockholders’ equity. Note: if we knew when the fixed assets were revalued, we could determine the amount by which they were revalued. For example, if revaluation occurred at the end of the previous year, then the revaluation amount must have been $64 ($64 – 8 = $56) because only one year of additional deprecat ion would be included in the stockholders’ equity adjustment. 27. Holzer Company – Property, Plant, and Equipment (capitalization of borrowing costs and measurement of asset subsequent to acquisition using two alternative models) IAS 16 Cost Model Carry asset on the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Capitalize borrowing costs borrowing costs attributable to the construction of qualifying assets. Annual interest ($900,000 x 10%)$90,000 Interest to be capitalized in Year 1 ($500,000* x 10%)50,000 Interest expense in Year 1$40,000 * Expenditures of $1,000,000 were made evenly throughout the year, so the average accumulated expenditures during the year are $500,000 ($1,000,000 / 2). Cost of building: Construction costs$1,000,000 Capitalized interest50,000 Total initial cost of building$1,050,000 Annual depreciation (beginning in Year 2) ($1,050,000 / 40 years) $26,250 Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5 Income Statement Depreciation expense$0$26,250$26,250$26,250$26,250 Balance Sheet Building (at 1/1)$0$1,050,000$1,023,750$997,500$971,250 Depreciation(26,250)(26,250)(26,250)(26,250) Building (at 12/31)$1,050,000$1,023,750$997,500$971,250$945,000 IAS 16 Revaluation Model Carry asset on the balance sheet at revalued amount equal to fair value less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Capitalize borrowing costs attributable to the construction of qualifying assets. Annual interest ($900,000 x 10%)$90,000 Interest to be capitalized in Year 1 ($500,000 x 10%)50,000 Interest expense in Year 1$40,000 Cost of building: Construction costs$1,000,000 Capitalized interest50,000 Total initial cost of building$1,050,000 Annual depreciation (beginning in Year 2) ($1,050,000 / 40 years) $26,250 Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5 Income Statement Depreciation expense$0$26,250$26,250$25,5262$25,526 Subtotal $0$26,250$26,250$25,526$25,526 Loss on revaluation27,500 Reversal of revaluation loss(27,500) Total expense (income)$0$26,250$43,750$25,526$(1,974) Balance Sheet Building (at 1/1)$0$1,050,000$1,023,750$970,000$944,474 Depreciation(26,250)(26,250)(25,526)(25,526) Building (at 12/31)$1,050,000$1,023,750$997,500$944,474$918,948 Loss on revaluation(27,500)1 Reversal of revaluation loss27,5003 Revaluation surplus 3,5523 Building (at 12/31)$1,050,000$1,023,750$970,000 $944,474$950,000 1At December 31,Year 3, the fair value of the building is determined to be $970,000. The carrying value of the building is decreased by $27,500, with a loss on revaluation recognized in Year 3 net income. 2 Depreciation in Year 4 is $25,526 ($970,000 / 38 remaining years). 3At December 31,Year 5, the fair value of the building is determined to be $950,000. The carrying value of the building is increased by $31,052. A reversal of revaluation loss of $27,500 is recognized in income and $3,552 ($31,052 – 27,500) is recorded as revaluation surplus in shareholders’ equity.

Discuss one or more theories of Moral Understanding and evaluate its conclusions Essay

The term morality, according to Shaffer (1993) means â€Å"a set of principles or ideals that help the individual to distinguish right from wrong and to act on this distinction. Morality is important to society, as it would not function effectively unless there is some agreement of what is right and wrong. There are many underlying processes and environmental factors, which limit or promote social, cognitive and moral development in children. In modern society, television could be considered to be one of the major influences on a child’s moral development. There are three approaches to moral development; the cognitive approach, the psychodynamic approach and the social learning theory. The Cognitive-Developmental approach of Piaget and Kohlberg studies how children become more able to reason morally and make moral judgements, whereas the Freud’s psychodynamic approach is more concerned with the development of the conscience and moral feelings such as guilt and anxiety. The social learning theory of Bandura and Mischel investigates the development of moral behaviour and how role models in the family, society and the media, influence it. The theory I am going to discuss is Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Approach. His theory of moral development is concerned with how the child’s moral knowledge and understanding change with age. Piaget saw morality as any system of rules, which governs interaction between people. The methods of investigation he used to develop his theories were, he looked at the way children imposed rules in their games. He used games to study the development of children’s moral development as he thought that by studying rules in the context of a game, he could study the child’s spontaneous though directly. He also, assessed changes in the child’s moral judgements by telling hypothetical stories about children who lied, stole or broke something. When using hypothetical stories, Piaget was generally more interested in the reasons why the children give the answers they did and not particularly the answers. Piaget identifies stages of moral development just as he identified stages with cognitive development. His theories of the way children think and their moral reasoning goes through a series of stages, as they are adapting to the world, these are also known as the processes of accommodation and assimilation. He believed that as children’s reasoning about the world changes when they grow older and gain more experience, so does their reasoning about morality. Their ability to think about the world in more complex ways is what causes them to move on from one stage to the next. This is known as cognitive development. Piaget stated that infants don’t understand much about morality until they are about three or four years of age. Their development divides into two main stages after infancy. His stages of moral development are: Pre Moral Stage (up to three or four years) Children don’t understand about rules, and so they don’t make moral judgements Stage of Heteronomous Morality (aged three – six years) Children at this stage think rules are absolute and unchangeable, and the goodness and badness of an action is judged largely on the basis of its consequences rather than by taking intent into account. Stage of Autonomous Morality (from around six or seven) Children at this stage now see rules as more changeable and intentions are taken into account. Children also start to believe that it is possible to break rules and get away with it, whereas earlier they tended to think they will always be found out and possibly punished. Researchers from Europe and America have tested some of Piaget’s theories and have concluded that distinct stages of development do seem to exist however, other research found that children do not see all rules as being equally important as Piaget thought they did. Heteronomous Morality, also known as moral realism, means when the child is subject to another’s laws or rules. Children think that rules must be obeyed no matter what the circumstances. A child at this stage will think that rules are only made by authority figures, such as, parents and teachers. Two other features that are displayed in moral reasoning at this stage are, first they expect bad behaviour to be punished in some way, they believe that the punishment should be expiatory – the wrongdoer must make amends for the crime by paying with some kind of suffering. They have the view that the amount of punishment should match the badness of the behaviour. Secondly, if the bad behaviour goes undetected then the child believes in immanent justice – where any misfortune occurring after the bad behaviour can be seen as a punishment. For example, if a child tells a lie and gets away with it, then later trips and falls, the younger child could consider this as a punishment. In general, they believe punishment should be fair and that wrongdoing will always be punished in some way. Autonomous Morality, which means when the child is subject to one’s own laws and rules. It involves moral relativism whereby the child comes to realise that rules evolve from social relationships. Due to the child ‘decentring’ and their developed ability to think more flexibly about moral issues, they have began to realise it is important to take other people’s opinions into account. At this stage a child will have developed the understanding that sometimes rules of morality can be broken in certain reasonable circumstances. They believe in reciprocal punishment, whereby the punishment should fit the crime. For example, if a child takes another child’s sweets, the first child should be deprived of their sweets or should make it up to the victim in some other way. This is known as the principle of reciprocity. Children will also have learnt at this stage that wrongdoers often avoid punishment, diminishing any belief in immanent justice. They see punishment as a method of making the offender understand the nature of the crime and that punishment is also a deterrent. The move from heteronomous morality to autonomous morality is influenced by two factors. Children around the age of seven begin to move on from the pre operational stage of an illogical and an egocentric way of thinking to more logical and flexible way of thinking, in the operational stage. Their growing awareness that other people have different views allows them to develop more mature moral reasoning. However, moral development lags at least one to two years behind cognitive development because the whole process depends on the cognitive changes occurring first. Kohlberg expanded Piaget’s theory to form a theory that also explained the development of moral reasoning. While Piaget described a two-stage process of moral development, Kohlberg’s theory outlined six stages within three different levels. Kohlberg extended Piaget’s theory, proposing that moral development is a continual process that occurs throughout the lifespan. A study by Colby et al (1983) criticised Piaget’s assumption that children of ten and eleven years old had reached an adult level of moral reasoning. Piaget was always focusing on what an average child was capable of achieving so he neglected the idea of great variations between the individual child’s ways of thinking. In general, Piaget’s cognitive theory has been criticised for the methods of investigation not being as precise as they could have been. Methods he used were seen as complicated, leading critics to think he under estimated younger children’s capabilities of what they could and could not do. This was because later research went on to conclude that children could actually take other motives into consideration, when they understood what motives were involved. Despite criticism, Piaget’s work is still regarded as a revolutionary step forward in the way we understand how children think. It has led to a much more realistic ways of understanding children’s moral development. Many attempts to test Piaget’s theories from researchers around the world have resulted in acceptance that some of his views and methods do appear to exist.

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Abortion - Essay Example ay briefly introduce the case first and then move on to understand the legal framework relevant to the case followed by simple arguments for both sides, ethical principles, code of ethics to be followed by social workers and finally anti discriminatory practices in order to prove that the young girl who is the victim in our case, had the right to abortion and I, as the nurse she consulted am bound to advise likewise. The case referred here is that of a 14 year old who becomes pregnant unintentionally. She lives with her black Christian parents who are anti-abortion in their perspectives and do not know of this. Hence she got in touch with a nurse at school in order to understand what her options were about termination of her pregnancy. She was going through troubled mental health. Let us now debate upon which decision I, as the nurse (role play) should take. Let us first use the legal framework to look at the problem in hand. The Abortion Act of 1967 states that a British woman is permitted to opt for abortion only if it has been certified or granted by two doctors that abortion is permissible and on the contrary pregnancy would jeopardize her life as well as physical health condition. Also it needs to be proved that she would be physically better off by undergoing abortion than by continuing with her pregnancy. The socio economic disadvantage of the woman is also another ground under which abortion might be granted. General practitioners have the authority to give birth control related advice as well as suggestions towards abortion to young girls below 16. (Francome and Freeman, 2000) The current law regarding abortion is also derived form the 1967 Act, except that the tenure for the fetuses is being reduced. From the legal viewpoint therefore, the girl would require the consent of two medical professionals or doctors if she wants to u ndergo abortion. I being her advisor am entitled to certify that she needs abortion but certain jugglery of arguments is

Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Autobiography - Essay Example After witnessing my grandmother’s near-death experience and her recovery to normal life, I knew that the human body fascinated me. I wanted to be the oncologist who helped get my grandmother’s health back on track. I wanted to help bring back smiles to people’s faces through influencing their health conditions. My clinical shadowing and research experience has helped affirm my dream of becoming a doctor. This experience has assisted me in learning how tender and caring one should be towards patients. I have learned that devotion is key to becoming successful in the medical profession. I have learned to experience the joy one gets at seeing patients recover. The experience further widened my eyes on how detailed the human body is, and how perfectly careful one has to be when dealing with it. I got to be part of two research activities through this experience; a clinical and laboratory research. Forming part of the clinical research helped me to gain two mentors wh o were the two head doctors of the research. They guided me on the road they undertook towards achieving their work as doctors. The clinical research further enlightened me on the effort, dedication, and the love that a team of doctors put towards assisting a community. The clinical research also helped me to consolidate my academic goals. I became interested in attaining a master in public health during the gap year after medical school. The laboratory research experience helped me to understand how to follow specific protocols.

Hazardous waste Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hazardous waste - Assignment Example The United States Environmental Protection Agency is the governmental organization acting with a purpose to ensure: that all Americans are protected from significant risks to their health and environment where they work, live, or learn and that the federal laws protecting the environment and human health are effectively and fairly enforced (EPA, n.d.). The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of US-EPA’s definition of the hazardous waste, the types of hazardous wastes and solid waste. As well the paper is aiming to analyze critically whether there are any discrepancies in the regulations and what effects on human health and environment have hazardous wastes. US Environmental Protection Agency defines hazardous waste as a waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment (EPA, n.d., n.p.). To this category of wastes can be included sludges, liquids, gases, and solids. There are two ways of identifying solid wastes as hazardous based on the EPA’s regulations. The first way is to check whether it is included on a EPA’s list of wastes, and the second way is to identify whether the waste exhibits certain hazardous characteristics (EPA, n.d.). EPA has formed a list of hazardous wastes which is comprised of four different classifications: the F-list, K-list, P-list, and U-list. The F-list of hazardous waste includes the wastes identified as â€Å"non-specific source wastes† – wastes from common industrial and manufacturing activities. These hazardous wastes can be produced in different sectors of industry or manufacturing processes and that is why their sources are not specified under the F-list category (EPA 2008, 5). On the contrary to the F-list, the K-list of hazardous waste include particular solid wastes coming from specific industries (EPA 2008). The P-list as well as the U-list includes the wastes from commercial chemical products. Commercial chemical products have the generic

Examine the factors which have influenced consumption over the past Essay

Examine the factors which have influenced consumption over the past three years in the UK. Has consumption been let get out of control - Essay Example If compared to the past, the consumption in UK could be characterized as rather increased; however, the whole situation cannot be referred as being out of control. It is rather an expected outcome especially if taking into consideration the development of technology and the changes in the social and cultural ethics across Britain – as a consequence of globalization and the entrance in the country of people with different social and cultural background; more specifically, Britain has become – mainly for professional but also for educational reasons - a favourable destination of people from developing countries but also of those belonging in member states – a phenomenon well developed after the enlargement of European Union. Under these terms, the characteristics of consumption in Britain could be expected to be influenced by many different factors especially the country’s social and cultural ethics while the culture of the people living across the country à ¢â‚¬â€œ this culture can be differentiated as explained above – is another important factor influencing the characteristics of consumption developed across the country. Of course, consumption is a multidimensional social phenomenon; apart from the factors mentioned above other factors – related with the individual’s personal perceptions – can also affect the rate of consumption through the years in a particular region. In UK which is a highly developed country consumption related with a series of social activities (travelling, entertainment, shopping) has been increased the last 3 years following the development of technology but also the improvement of the standard of living in all areas across the country. This increase reflects also the development of the national economy compared to the economies of other countries within the international community. In any case, the rates of consumption across

Fairtrade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fairtrade - Essay Example Introduction The tourism industry on the international level is booming. For instance, in the year 2012, total number of tourist figures reached a whooping figure of 1 billion and in the year 2013, the tourism industry anticipates to develop by three percent thereby contributing an aggregate of US$6.8 trillion or nine percent of the global GDP. Further, it is estimated that the tourism industry offers employment for more than 266 million around the world which connote that one in every eleven jobs on the planet is being offered by the tourism industry. While the significance of economic involvement cannot be refuted, many research studies have demonstrated that international tourism industry is not immune from inherent defects and could be the major contributor for the cultural, social and environmental issues. (Fairtrade Centre 2013). This research study will analyse how fair-trade certification helps the tourism industry of the respective nation helps to contribute the economy, soc iety and social welfare in a detailed manner. Fair Trade Tourism – An Analysis As per research study carried over by Tearfund (2002,p.7) , the shoppers are eager to pay more for products that are manufactured or produced in a friendly way , which connotes that they benefit the nation in which they are manufactured or produced. ... Thus, FT main aim is to work with oppressed workers and producers, thus assisting them to recover from a condition of susceptibility to prosperous and economic self-sufficiency. FT‘s aim is to encourage the abolition of poverty and to enhance the dignity of workers and producers. FT offers high-quality product wide range and variety of quality products. FT currently offers a wide range of about 5000 to 7000 quality products all around the globe. Fair-Trade tourism refers to the process of sharing the advantages and disadvantages of tourism in a fairer manner observing ethical, economic and environmental features. (Avara & Matkailu, 2004). The chief aim of FTT (Fair-Trade Tourism) is to capitalize the advantages from tourism for the local beneficiaries mainly through equitable and mutual partnerships between international and national tourism stakeholders. (Tourism Concern, 1999, p.2). According to Pluss (2013), FTT is mainly focussed on the magnitude to which the application of fair trade as regards to consumer awareness , trading partnerships and certification which can elucidate tourism development in overseas and at tourism destination. FTT concept has materialised as a mean to readdress the inequality and sustainability issues that linger in the tourism industry. (Boluk, 2011, p.29). FTT attempts to establish cultural, social and economic advantages for local citizen at the respective tourist destination. FTT is to stick to local laws, create vibrant consultation structures, should be translucent, should include social accounting, sustainability and ecological safeguards and should revere human rights. The other key elements of FTT are

Sales Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sales Presentation - Essay Example The Baderman Island Resort aims at providing maximum facilities to its valued customers. Therefore, for the convenience of guests, to save them from any communication issues, Interpreter will be available in the Main hotel. To save the precious time of guests, the main Hotel will provide an increased number of staff on the front desk to make checking in and out quick for the guests. The main hotel has an exotic food and beverages department which will cater the guests with their wonderful dishes. The hotel has many different cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s and dining halls available for the convenience of guests. The main hotel is meant for families therefore it stresses on the availability of proper recreational facilities designed especially for families and children. Facilities like Baderman Island oasis spa, golf pro shop and Baderman Island Gift Boutique will be available for families. Kids can enjoy visiting the museum and the botanical gardens. Scuba diving and guided nature trips are yet another attraction for the families. Keeping in view the safety of guests, the hotel will hire extra staff trained in scuba diving and water skiing so that safety of children and other guests is ensured. First aid is also available in case of any unpleasant accident. The 400 participants who will not be accompanied with their spouses or families will be accommodated in the Meloncon Hotel. The Meloncon Hotel is meant to cater business travelers. It provides many facilities for business events such as this convention. Interpretation facility is available here. The Melancon Hotel will also honor the conference discounted rates. The hotel will increase its staff at the front desk to accommodate the guest’s convention check in and checkout needs to save the guest’s valueable time. The Melancon hotel is directly connected to the convention center so the guests will not have to cover long distance to reach the convention center.

Establishing a Technical College Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Establishing a Technical College - Dissertation Example The paper tells that the fundamental objective in any country in the world is to enhance different aspects of development namely political, social, and economic development. One of the keys to achieving this objective is to improve the quality of education in a given country as well as an access to these learning opportunities. Growth of national income in a country often relates to education. Quality education entails the availability of the teaching and learning resources, their equitable distribution, meeting the educational standards, meeting the needs of the students, and meeting the societal needs through providing required expertise. Various socio-economic factors can bar some potential members of the society from realizing their full potential to serve the country. This is a drawback not only to the individual but also to the entire nations and explains why the issue should be a national and global concern. The benefits of education to the society can be realized if there is an evident public investment in education. The established institutions of learning should provide adequate knowledge and skills to the learners that can easily be integrated into the different applications in the field. All these can be realized through an effective system of education in a given country. There is need to have an education system that ensures continued student progression to higher education institutions to equip them with the skills required in the society. This is thwarted, though, by the limited positions in these institutions of higher learning especially in the underdeveloped countries like Ivory Coast. Besides, not every individual in the primary schools qualify to proceed to secondary schools and neither can every student here qualify for university entrance. There is a need to establish alternative institutions that can absorb these students who have not been absorbed at higher levels. In this literature review, the writer focuses on the scholarly articles that discuss the theories on factors affecting education in a given country. Evidence is also short from other reports. The strategies that are appropriate in managing the arising social issues are also examined. The review is concerned with an identification of the central issues that affect the quality of education in a given country and an integration and generalization of these concepts. It will consider how these factors apply to the local context in Ivory Coast. The literature review involves qualitative methods of research and the researcher will not be neutral but will be bias towards his understanding of the factors affecting education. It may not be possible to exhaust all the scholarly articles addressing this issue even if it is narrowed down to the local context in Ivory Coast. As such, the researcher has opted to use representative sample of articles in academic databases that cover this topic in order to generalize the concept. The articles are analyzed according to t he key issues they focus on. Problem Definition Cote D’Ivoire (or Ivory Coast) is one of the developing nations in the West African region that was a former French colony. The country enjoyed positive economic growth and political stability after independence under the leadership of her first autocratic president Felix Houphouet-Boigny (The Economist, 2010). However, the political stability ended with the death of the founder. The country currently has a poor underdeveloped economy owing to the political unrest and violence that has hit the country in the past. In 2010, the country’s population was 19.7 million; a population growth rate of 2%, a GDP of $22.8 billion, GDP per capita of $1,154, and a GDP growth rate of 3.0% (World Bank, 2011). The country has

Loyalty Program of the Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Loyalty Program of the Apple Inc - Essay Example The company that is the subject of this research is Apple Inc., an American-based company operating in various countries, headquartered in the state if California. The company specializes in the designing, developing and sale of electronics including software, personal computers, and cell phones. In addition, the company offers other services and products including Smartphones, tablets, web browsers to name but a few. As of the year 2014, Apple offered permanent jobs to over 72,000 people, and its profit for same year stood at a whopping $182 billion. Some of the competitors Apple faces include Samsung, Nokia, and Microsoft among others, all of whom offer either part of the similar services or the same as Apple. When it comes to the company’s loyalty program, Apple Inc. has been noted to have a strict one where a majority of the customers hardly qualify for it. According to Meyer-Waarden, Apple’s customers are expected to spend a considerable amount of money for them to qualify for the company’s loyalty program. Sadly, many of them do not hit the target thus keep missing the goodies the company offers. Even though the company has recently announced an adjustment to its loyalty program requirements, it is still hard for many consumers to reach the target. For instance, Apple recently announced that any school intending to have its classrooms filled with the Mac computers would indeed enjoy a discount. Such institutions will enjoy a discount of 6% to 8% when the purchases are made from the company. From the above findings, it is clear that Apple’s loyalty program is wanting, and requires improvement since there are other competitors who could capitalize on this weakness. While Apple has continued to offer still competition to other players in the industry, its loyalty program requires measures to make sure customers are retained.

Individual Assignment Collecting Data Essay Example for Free

Individual Assignment Collecting Data Essay Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Select and review a case study scenario from the University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Feel free to embellish the scenario with additional details, as needed. Complete the New Referral or Inquiry Form based on your selected case study scenario. Write a 350- to 700-word paper in Microsoft ® Word in which you discuss the importance of collecting appropriate data for intake and assessment forms.   Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Saying no to things that make you uncomfortable is just as important in college as it was when you lived with your parents. Many students experiment with alcohol or sex during their college years, but if you dont want to do these things, dont let anyone pressure you into them. Your college experience should be about having fun, exploring who you are and preparing for your future via your classesnot about doing things you dont truly want to do. This pack includes BSHS 405 Week 2 Individual Assignment Collecting Data Business Management Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website.   Select and review a case study scenario from the University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Feel free to embellish the scenario with additional details, as needed. Complete the New Referral or Inquiry Form based on your selected case study scenario. Write a 350- to 700-word paper in Microsoft ® Word in which you discuss the importance of collecting appropriate data for intake and assessment forms.   Format your paper consistent with APA guidel To get this material Click this link https://bitly.com/12BY8mO Saying no to things that make you uncomfortable is just as important in college as it was when you lived with your parents. Many students experiment with alcohol or sex during their college years, but if you dont want to do these things, dont let anyone pressure you into them. Your college experience should be about having fun, exploring who you are and preparing for your future via your classesnot about doing things you dont truly want to do. Business Management Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Select and review a case study scenario from the University of Phoenix Material: Case Study Scenarios located on the student website. Feel free to embellish the scenario with additional details, as needed. Complete the New Referral or Inquiry Form based on your selected case study scenario. Write a 350- to 700-word paper in Microsoft ® Word in which you discuss the importance of collecting appropriate data for intake and assessment forms.   Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Writing Proficiency Exam Paper Essay Example for Free

Writing Proficiency Exam Paper Essay Many factors can cause stress in our communities. These factors range from the result of violence in schools to the proliferation of social media tools, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Stress affects people in different ways. Some ways can drive a community apart while others can bring them together. This paper will provide evidence to show it is possible for communities to take action, adapt to changes in positive ways and reduce stress. Taking Action Action can take many forms. Action can be physical, verbal, or silent. In recent years, protesters took to the streets in opposition to the government bailout of Wall Street. The protesters assumed the name of the 99 Percent. The 99 Percent marched through the streets shouting down the Wall Street bankers, but their main weapon was not the megaphone, it was ‘silent occupation.’ Soon, this action became known as Occupy Wall Street. The goal of the Occupy movement was to show the wealthy bankers that they were not going to get away with their crimes and get a free handout from the taxpayers. As a result, the politicians on Capitol Hill listened and began to implement a wider set of reforms and consumer protections. Communities can accomplish similar changes. One of those ways is to leverage current forms of technology. Social media tools like Twitter have the power to spread news quickly. Community groups can use Twitter to organize grass-root actions, such as marches, and to keep  members connected by quickly sending updates and detailed meeting notes instantly. Recently, a local community organized an effort to force their local government to reinstate a local sheriff who was fired due to their sexual orientation. The local movement shamed the city council and the sheriff was rehired within weeks. Adapt to Changes in Positive Ways It is possible for communities to adapt to stressors in positive ways. In my opinion, a person has the power to choose how they want to react to certain stimulus. So, if an individual has this power, why not a community? For example, if someone were to spit on the local mayor, this technically constitutes an assault. The mayor could call the sheriff and have the man arrested and jailed; however, the mayor could first try to talk with the individual to come to an understanding of the person’s issues. Afterwards, the mayor should have him arrested; otherwise, others may be motivated to follow suit with the spatter. The mayor demonstrated an act of compassion by choosing to talk and mostly likely earned a few points with the constituents. My point is that if one person can adapt positively to factors of stress, a community can choose to take action in positive ways as well. Reducing Stress Turning negative stress into a positive outcome can be challenging but not impossible. Communities can be very complex. One reason is that communities are comprised of many individuals, each with their own thoughts, values, and ethics. If an act of violence were to take place at a local school campus, some individuals might choose to hide and wait it out. However, others may believe the best action is to fight fire with fire and take the to the streets like vigilantes. In my opinion, both of these reactions will lead to a great amount of stress because they are reactions based upon fear. A better way to react would be to put trust in the local authorities. The local authorities are better trained to handle crises. Another way to avoid or reduce stress would be to shut off the television or computer. Turning off these devices would minimize the stress of constant news updates that would only serve elevate fear. Conclusion In closing, this paper set out to address the issues communities face when  faced with negative factors. School violence and stress caused by social media are common issues dealt with across the country. How we choose to react to these issues can affect our local communities for the good or in bad ways. Parents could decide to pull their children out of school. Angry fathers could act out violently and take matters into their own hands. Constructive alternatives are available. The local police department can invest in better infrastructure and communications networks. They can also improve communication with the surrounding communities to build confidence in their ability to respond during emergencies. Communities can build a stronger bond by choosing to look at stressful factors in positive ways and increase their understanding of how they can prepare and respond during periods of high stress.

Globalisations Effect on National Governance

Globalisations Effect on National Governance Globalisation has significantly reduced the ability of governments to govern. Do you agree? Discuss. Globalisation, according to Van Acker and Curran (2004), is the process of increasingly international integration and global interchange of trade, markets, products, ideas and other aspects of culture, which is triggered by technological innovations and â€Å"underpinned by shifting power relations that sees finance capital as relatively dominant and transnational corporations as very powerful vis-à  -vis the nation state† (p.3). It is obvious that globalisation has changed the world dramatically and its profound impacts can be seen in every aspect in our society. It brings about numerous positive influences including creating greater access to goods from all over the world; extending international and intercontinental exchanges, and improving economic development (Baines Ursah, 2009). However, great opportunities come with great threats. Many studies show that there is a clear connection between globalisation and unemployment and financial crisis; as well as with environmen tal problems and inequity (Madeley, 2009). Thousands of studies have been done by worldwide experts to analyse its influences upon economy, politics and sociology, yet the results are still highly diversified and paradoxical. Regarding globalisation’s impacts on politics, several scholars have claimed that, besides a number of advantages, it also results in various negative consequences for many countries’ governments (Daalder Lindsay, 2003; Van der Westhuizen, 2009). This paper strongly argues that globalisation notably weakens the ability of government to govern, especially in terms of the eruption of the internet, and the growth of terrorism – which are considered as by-products of globalisation. The essay also includes an opportunistic effect of globalisation in reducing corruption in certain governments. As a product, as well as a catalyst of globalisation, internet is a global system of many independent networks containing unlimited resources of information and services that can be accessed almost everywhere all around the world (Horner, 1997). With nearly three billion users worldwide, however, the rapid expansion of the internet has led to a global crisis of governance (Morozov, 2010). This happens due to the fact that the internet is operated without a central governing authority, as well as the borderless nature of itself (Rose, 2005). Additionally, many scholars argue that the management of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers a private non-profit organisation headquartered in the USA, over the domain name system – a crucial element for the function of the internet, has significantly reduced the power and governing ability of national governments, especially towards communication and information policy (Palfrey, 2004). Obvious examples are misinformat ion, illegal transaction, online piracy, copyright infringement, espionage, and cyber hacking that occur every second on the internet in which the government is not able to have a full control of (Galicki, Havens, Pelker, 2014), thus in this case, the government’s ability to govern is lessened and limited so remarkably that it is put on a high risk situation of being attacked. Another significant example relates to the Titan Rain cyber attack in 2004 in which several United States defence contractor computer systems, including those at NASA, the Lockheed Martin, Redstone Arsenal, and Sandia National Laboratories, were attacked and infiltrated in order to gain illegal access to military intelligence and classified data. This attack is believed to have its origin from Chinese government and is considered as one of the biggest cyber raids in the internet era (Miles, 2011). Another interesting case is the Arab Spring in the Middle East and North Africa since 2010. This massive event, which was triggered partly by the online diplomatic cable leak in November 2010, includes a series of politic activities such as protests, demonstrations, riots, and civil war that led to mass government overthrown and changes throughout the countries of the Arab League and surroundings (Jones, 2012). These activities were extremely well-organised and wildly spread by the effectiv e use of social media and the internet (Jones, 2012). These evidences illustrate how vulnerable national governance can become when confronting with the eruption of the internet and globalisation. Another challenge of globalisation that reduces government’s governing ability is terrorism. According to Zimmermann (2011), there is a close connection between globalisation and the rapid growth of terrorism globally. The technological revolution and mass media, the interconnectedness between individuals and organisations, migration, all of which are associated with globalisation, play an important role for terror networks to strengthen and enlarge their power internationally. In particular, a globalised trade makes the arms trade more globalised, thus weapons can easily get into the wrong hands (Stohl Grillot, 2013). Moreover, thanks to technological advancement, the internet, and the high availability of inexpensive hi-tech devices and softwares, many terrorists and terror groups can easily spread fears and improve their impacts worldwide by creating their online existence, popularising videos and footages of terrorist acts such as roadside bombs, beheading, or executions. The use of these means also significantly enhances their communication potential more than ever. The most recent example of this is a series of beheading videos circulated online by a terror group named Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in 2014 (Porter, 2014). Using these videos with wide coverage, this group were successful in stretching fears and showing to those opposing them, especially the USA and other Western countries, how violent and powerful they are. Another famous case is Mustafa Setmarian Nasar – a first generation terrorist who attempted to accomplish everlasting influences by uploading his terrorist videos on the internet before being arrested in Pakistan in 2006 (Shlapentokh, 2012). These proofs have demonstrated how considerably globalisation can promote terrorism. The question needs to be answered now is how terrorism can negatively affect the capability of governments to govern. According to Kampf (2014), terrorism is defined as political violence involving political aims and motives from an illicit identifiable organisation, which is designed to generate terror and psychic fear by conducting acts of violence, such as brutal victimisation, and exploitation or non-combatant target massacre, in order to achieve certain desired goals. Such activities, with their intense political consequences, extremely reduce governments’ governing ability in different ways, and at different levels. Numerous recent studies have shown that terrorism can actively affect and shape the course of domestic politics by modifying the preferences of voters and voting behaviour during an electoral campaign. Terrorist activities also have strong impacts on government formation as well as its survival (Indridason, 2008). A salient example for this case is the unexpected victory of the Socialist party over the People’s party – the incumbent governing party, during the Spanish legislative elections in 2004. This surprised outcome is believed due to three terrorist bomb attacks on the Madrid train line that killed and injured hundreds of people, which happened just three days before the Election Day (Indridason, 2008). In addition to those hypotheses, William, Koach and Smith (2012) asserted that terrorist activities also harmfully impact the stability of parliamentary governments. Furthermore, some governments might become too sensitive and their duration could be shortened due to the effects of terror attacks. It is obvious that by contributing to the growth of terrorism, transitively, globalisation with all of its advanced products and components can seriously weaken the governing ability of certain governments, or even make them overthrown. Nevertheless, one can argue that globalisation can also bring opportunities for stronger governing abilities among certain governments. An important example of such positive impacts relates to reduced corruption, since corruption can threaten the legitimacy of the incumbent government and lead to public dissatisfaction (Seligson, 2002). Many studies have been done to analyse the relations between globalisation and corruption to find out either they are directly or inversely proportional to each other. Interestingly, most of them conclude the latter. By examining data from 127 countries, a research in 2011 claimed that globalisation is a powerful weapon to oppose corruption, especially for those countries with middle and high income (Lalountas, Manolas Vavouras, 2011). Similar results and findings have been made by Asongu in a recent research in 2014. Additionally, another study conducted in 2001, evaluating information from several countries during a twenty-year long period, demonst rated that the casual connection from openness to corruption is persistent and strong, and that openness can indeed lead to a reduction in corruption (Bussolo, Bonaglia Braga de Macedo, 2011). In conclusion, this paper has demonstrated that globalisation has significantly reduced the ability of governments to govern via its by-products such as the internet and by contributing to the growth of domestic and transnational terrorism in different ways. It also mentioned that globalisation can bring opportunities for countries to effectively reduce corruption. However, it cannot be denied that globalisation is an inevitable phenomenon and plays an important role in the development of every country in the world. Thus, it is crucial for governments to learn how to strengthen opportunities created by globalisation and view its many challenges as excellent opportunities to better cooperate with governments on a global scale to produce solutions for global problems, such as terrorism, internet security, sustainability, and global peace. These important areas suggest excellent topic areas for further research. References Asongu, S. (2014). Globalization (fighting), corruption and development. Journal of Economic Studies, 41(3), 346-369. Doi:10.1108/JES-04-2012-0048 Baines, H. V., Ursah, J. R. (2009). Globalization: Understanding, management, and effects. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Bussolo, M., Bonaglia, F., Braga de Macedo, J. (2001). How globalisation improves governance. OECD Publishing. Doi: 10.1787/774554632487 Daalder, I. H., Lindsay, J. M. (2003). The globalization of politics. The Brookings Review, 21(1), 12. Galicki, A., Havens, D., Pelker, A. (2014). Computer crimes. American Criminal Law Review, 51(4), 875. Horner, K. (1997). Internet: A definition. Retail Delivery Strategies, (8), 5. Indridason, I. H. (2008). Does terrorism influence domestic politics? Coalition formation and terrorist incidents. Journal of Peace Research, 45(2), 241-259. Doi: 10.1177/0022343307087183 Jones, P. (2012). The arab spring. International Journal, 67(2), 447. Kampf, Z. (2014). Newsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Media and terrorism: Changing relationship, changing definitions. Sociology Compass, 8(1), 1-9. Doi:10.1111/soc4.12099 Lalountas, D. A., Manolas, G. A., Vavouras, I. S. (2011). Corruption, globalization and development: How are these three phenomena related? Journal of Policy Modelling, 33(4), 636-648. Doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2011.02.001 Madeley, J. (2009). Globalisation. Appropriate Technology, 36(1), 52. Miles, A. (2011). Why the Chinese cyber attack is the ultimate scare story? London: New Statesman Ltd. Morozov, E. (2010). The Internet. Foreign Policy, (179), 40. Palfrey, J. (2004). The end of the experiment: How ICANNs foray into global internet democracy failed. Harvard Journal of Law Technology, 17(2), 409. Porter, B. (2014). What is ISIS? Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-12/what-is-isis/5518990. Rose, R. (2005). Introduction: The internet and governance in a global context. Journal of Public Policy, 25(1), 1-3. Seligson, M. A. (2002). The impact of corruption on regime legitimacy: A comparative study of four Latin American countries. The Journal of Politics, 64(2), 408-433. Doi:10.1111/1468-2508.00132 Shlapentokh, D. (2012). The intellectual and political exchange among jihadists: The case of Mustafa Setmarian Nasar (abu musab al-suri). Journal of Applied Security Research, 7(3), 301. Stohl, R., Grillot, S. (2013). The international arms trade. Hoboken: Polity. Van Acker, E., Curran, G. (2004). Governing business and globalisation. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education. Van der Westhuizen, C. (2009). Power and insecurity: The politics of globalisation. Hervormde Teologiese Studies, 65(1), 1-7. Williams, L. K., Koch, M. T., Smith, J. M. (2013). The political consequences of terrorism: Terror events, casualties, and government duration. International Studies Perspectives, 14(3), 343-361. Doi:10.1111/j.1528-3585.2012.00498.x Zimmermann, E. (2011). Globalization and terrorism. European Journal of Political Economy, 27, 152-161. Doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.09.003

Women in Islam Essay -- Religion, Islamic Culture

Since the September Eleventh attacks by Islamic extremists at the World Trade Centers, the Pentagon, and a field in Pennsylvania, Islamic culture has come under scrutiny by Americans more so than at any other period in the history of the ancient religion. One area that is often criticized by the American main stream media is the role of women in Islamic culture; it is almost common knowledge now that Islam subjugates women to a degree not seen since the Medieval Ages, and is backwards in all aspects of gender relations. Like many stereotypes, this one is overblown, exaggerated, and often completely incorrect. Women have been a fundamental part of Islamic culture since the founding of the Muslim faith. Women have had tremendous influence in all areas of Islamic culture including education, politics, economic concerns, and religious interpretation; by examining each of these four areas, it become clear that women have tremendous opportunities within mainstream Islam. Of course, cer tain hardline regimes like the one currently holding power in Iran will always oppress women, as well as gays and other minorities. It is important to not focus on the few areas where Islamic culture is practiced and women are subjugated, but to look at the broader Islamic culture where women are a critical component. After being thrust into the American conscience by the September Eleventh attacks, Islamic culture and Afghanistan became synonymous in the minds of most American citizens. The active attempts to limit women from receiving education in that nation were all too real, and very tragic. However, in many other Islamic cultures, women have significant and positive influence on the education system, both today and in the past. The achiev... ... States one of the most popular religions, Catholicism, still does not permit women to serve in the priest capacity. Some issues will take many centuries to change, and just like in Catholicism, this Islamic barrier will take time to break down. In conclusion, the body of evidence suggests that fears regarding the limitations placed on women by Islamic culture are exaggerated in most areas. Women have reached the highest political posts, most influential jobs in business, and obtained teaching posts at prestigious universities in almost every country with a significant Islamic culture. Some of the most tolerant cultures have even begun allowing female imams to lead prayer and teach other Muslims. While Islamic culture has plenty of work to do regarding the status of women, it must be recognized that a healthy portion of the criticism is unwarranted.

Uranus :: Essays Papers

Uranus 2,870,990,000 km (19.218 AU) from the Sun, Uranus hangs on the wall of space as a mysterious blue green planet. With a mass of 8.683e25 kg and a diameter of 51,118 km at the equator, Uranus is the third largest planet in our solar system. It has been described as a planet that was slugged a few billion years ago by a large onrushing object, knocked down (never to get up), and now proceeds to roll around an 84-year orbit on its belly. As the strangest of the Jovian planets, the description is accurate. Uranus has a 17 hour and 14 minute day and takes 84 years to make its way about the sun with an axis tilted at around 90 ° with retrograde rotation. Stranger still is the fact that Uranus' axis is almost parallel to the ecliptic, hence the expression "on its belly". Uranus is so far away that scientists knew comparatively little about it before NASA's Voyager 2 undertook its historic first encounter with the planet. The spacecraft flew closely past distant Uranus, and came within 81,500 kilometers (50,600 miles) of Uranus's cloudtops on Jan. 24, 1986. Voyager 2 radioed thousands of images and mass amounts of other scientific data about Uranus, its moons, rings, atmosphere, interior and magnetic environment. However, while Voyager has revealed much about the gas giant, many questions remain to be answered. The history of the planet's discovery is the first we have of its kind; Uranus was the first planet to be discovered with a telescope. The circumstances surrounding the discovery of the object are befitting of the odd planet. The earliest recorded sighting of Uranus was in 1690 by John Flamsteed, but the object was catalogued as another star. On March 13, 1781 Uranus was sighted again by amateur astronomer William Herschel and thought to be a comet or nebulous star. In 1784, Jean-Dominique Cassini, director of the Paris Observatory and prominent professional astronomer, made the following comment: 'A discovery so unexpected could only have singular circumstances, for it was not due to an astronomer and the marvelous telescope†¦was not the work of an optician; it is Mr. Herschel, a [German] musician, to whom we owe the knowledge of this seventh principal planet.' (Hunt, 35) Four years passed before Uranus was recognized as a new planet, the first to be discovered in 'modern' times.

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development :: language and communication

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development â€Å"Cognitive development underpins all the other aspects of development as children start to explore and make sense of the world around them. It is closely linked to the development of language and communication skills as children interact with the people around them.† There are many theories written on the subjects of cognitive development and language and communication. These theories vary in several ways, but they all seem to make the link between the too subjects. Childcare settings put these theories into practise in a lot of ways, sometimes without even realising it, just through conversation. Cognitive development ===================== Piaget’s theories of cognitive development are that children learn through exploration of their environment. An adult’s role in this is to provide children with appropriate experiences. He said that cognitive development happens in four stages. 1. Sensory – motor  · Babies and young children learn through their senses, activity and interaction with their environment.  · They understand the world in terms of actions. 2. Pre – operations  · Young children learn through their experiences with real objects in their immediate environment.  · They use symbols e.g. words and images to make sense of their world. 3. Concrete operations  · Children continue to learn through their experiences with real objects.  · They access information (using language) to make sense of their immediate and wider environment. 4. Formal operations  · Children and adults learn to make use of abstract thinking. Piaget also believed that children would only learn when they are ready. Children's use of language represents their stage in cognitive development, but he didn’t see language as a ‘central’ to children's development, as cognitive development begins at birth and is required for language development. He also states that children are egocentric – they can’t understand another person’s point of view. Criticisms of Piaget’s work =========================== Margaret Donaldson suggests that Piaget underestimated young

Moby Dick Essay Essay

Moby-Dick is a novel of darkness. Though Melville did not intend it, his story, I find, can only be read at night by a dim light on my patio, looking out over the starlit desert. As I read, I sense the darkness of his story. I am not moved to fright or horror by it, but I feel those shadows move in. Psyche is near but not yet touchable. Something is missing, at least if you’ve only read to Chapter 40. There is darkness, jocularity, hints of imminent catastrophe, and pleasant old English to be read. The story is only just developing. Ahab, Ishmael, Starbuck, Stub, Flask, and Moby-Dick: all of these characters are well known in our modern, literary world. Ishmael’s narrative sets their qualities clearly, but this is only a tool of literary character development. The reader is not drawn into the horror that has occurred (Ahab’s dismemberment) or into the horror to come until Chapter  41. We are faced with Ahab’s madness in Chapter 36 and, with Ishmael; we stand in awe of the power of the man, overlooking the depth of his madness. Chapter 41—curiously named by the title of the book—finally brings the horror to reality as Ishmael personifies the shadow within Moby Dick- the whale, and the madness in Ahab. Moby-Dick, the White Whale itself, is only a representation of the sperm whale species so clearly unique and delineated by Melville in earlier chapters. It is difficult to be either drawn to him—Moby-Dick—or repelled by him. That can only happen once the whale becomes the personification of the psychological Shadow. When we personify something, we move it closer to its archetypal meaning. In this essay, Moby-Dick becomes the personification of Shadow in all of us. Within that Shadow are found fear, vengeance, ferocity, and murderous rage. Personification by itself is not enough. Moby Dick is used as a vessel by the shadow, and once the Shadow is contained by the image of Moby-Dick, anyone with knowledge of archetypal images can clinically dissect it and, thereby, miss what Melville is trying to accomplish: linkage of the archetype to the insane Ahab. So the archetype is doubly personified, first in the embodiment of the White Whale, then in the humanity of Captain Ahab. Shadow exists in the presence of humanity, insane or not. If we are to understand madness, it must be personified. As the chapter opens, Ishmael ponders over his own participation in the excitement generated by Ahab’s grandiosity. Transference has occurred and now Ishmael senses, â€Å"A wild, mystical, sympathetically feeling†¦; Ahab’s quenchless feud seemed mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1967, p. 155). The counter transference is manifested in the arousal of the crew to do Ahab’s bidding. Before that can happen, though, Moby-Dick must become real. Ishmael relates the factual calamities caused by the sperm whale then, the rumors running widespread throughout the â€Å"fishery. †Ã‚  Ã‚  He points us to these facts and rumors and further says that it is not surprising that â€Å"whalemen should go still further in their superstitions; declaring Moby-Dick not only ubiquitous, but immortal (for immortality is but ubiquity in time)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1967, p. 158). Ishmael cites contemporary authors who rave of the ferocity of the Sperm whale saying even sharks nearby are â€Å"‘†¦struck with the most lively terrors’ and ‘often in the precipitancy of their flight dash themselves against the rocks†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (1967, p. 57). These contemporary authors begin the process of personification. The whale seems to live in rage and fury. The â€Å"phantom† of fear and threat from the white whale strikes animals into their instincts to be fearful of such a mysterious thought. The sharks indeed can be personified as Ahab and his crew, fearful of the whale and the shadow within it. Moby Dick has been shown to hold the Shadow and all the malicious implications of that Shadow. Our fears and terrors now have a point—the whale, in space and time upon which to hang. In some strange way, our fears and terrors have an altar upon which we can sacrifice them. The whale becomes the god and, like Ahab, we point to it as source and origin of all that ails us, consciously and unconsciously. The whale/Shadow lives each day with us. We have reflected, as Ahab has, on its presence and now contemplate its destruction. The moral here is about to be conveyed through the character of Ahab, as his emotions represent the act of emotional self-defense. According to Sigmund Freud, The mind may avoid the discomfort of consciously admitting personal faults by keeping those feelings unconscious, and by redirecting libidinal satisfaction by attaching, or â€Å"projecting,† those same faults onto another person or object, which in this case Ahab projects those faults on Moby Dick, the white sperm whale. And now we turn to Ahab. Ishmael presents us with one telling sentence: â€Å"The White Whale swam before him as a monomaniac incarnation of all those malicious agencies which some deep men feel eating in them, till they are left living on with half a heart and half a lung. (1967, p. 160) As with many a madness, Ahab suffered a physical trauma. He lived through the physical healing of that wounding but â€Å"his torn body and gashed soul bled into one another; and so interfusing, made him mad. † (1967, p. 160)  Ã‚  Ishmael incorporates poetic speech in his attempt to say that this madness personified in Ahab could afflict any of us. The soul of a human is affected by physical punishment such as humiliation penetrates the mental state of mind of the victim. One, in act of self-pity, will act upon the most dangerous undertaking to remove the humiliation from their mental state. Ahab comes to personify Madness itself as evinced in his ravings to the crew, his introspection in Chapter 37, and now by Melville’s delineation of the onset of that madness, in the voice of Ishmael. The reader makes this move, not Ishmael. Our own Shadow points to Ahab instead of inwardly; Ahab are substance, which will hold our conception of our own potentiality to madness. We nod our heads in affirmation of Ishmael’s narrative as he talks of â€Å"this grey-headed, ungodly old man, chasing with curses a Job’s whale round the world, at the head of a crew, too, chiefly made up of mongrel renegades, and castaways, and cannibals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1967, p. 62). It is Shadow that drives this Captain beyond his ability to understand. So Shadow stands now doubly personified in whale and man. The shadow which presents itself through a man’s raging passion subconsciously pushes a victim to think and act beyond the norm to rid our minds of that threatened psyche and the burning fire of revenge in the human soul. We have seen the psychology in this fiction. Now ask: where resides this fiction in psychology? Don’t let the enormity of this story cloud the metaphor. This happens every day in the consulting room. Personification of Shadow gives the client the means whereby to heal. The therapist must recognize the opportunity and make the most of it. It is Psyche that has allowed the presence of Shadow in the consulting room. It is Psyche that allows Shadow to walk with Healing. I have only told the beginning of this story within the story. Once personified, how will the madness and malice come to conflict? Who will win? We all know the story of  Moby-Dick. But have we ever stopped to think that its ending is  not  one of catastrophe, but one of integration?

Organizational Behavior Assignment

Since this transmission line has been well-nigh and consort by my family for over 40 age, we belt up ease up leading harries from 40 eld ago that has kept them going for so long. We invite adapted new leadership theories from the judgment of convictions changing entirely intimately of them c al genius for stuck. The owner in our profession it non really a leader, since she is retired from her opposite cheat, it is up to the manager to lead the employees in the right direction. Some of the conniptions of leadership that has stuck with the dividing line over the years would be, what the main focuses argon (the customers), the training process and how the manager interacts with the employees.In this caper it is like a family so in that location is a close relationship betwixt the anger and the employees. I believe the opening that best goes on with this family disdain would be a combination of traditional and contemporary. We check more factors of the tradi tional exclusively too contemporary because we argon al focussings severe to keep up with what is going ab break us b arly we also argon stuck with the old leadership from 40 years ago that has gotten us this far in the stemma. Overall, each leadership exit naturalize nevertheless for different businesses. You fate to guess up hotshots mind the ace that result take form the best for you business.Working at a family business puddles a business deal of underline for not scarce the family UT the employees also. Since t here is only quintette employees it is hard to nonplus off off or cover in sick at generation this causes idiom between the employees and we take hold been able to figure a representation bulge out to create less stress. We assent a sheet where population arsehole refer when they need off and otherwise list that people set up mutual opposition up for the hours that ar going to need to be filled. It is almost as if the employees pit ch control however we moreover ad mediocre the outline in that location. adjacent in that respect is the job roles, each and every person does everything, not just one articulation.This causes stress twain(prenominal) seasons because the employees atomic number 18 not authentic what to do beginning(a) hen in that location is so much bugger off believe to get do. We recently performanceuateed this enigma, making a list of priorities. So when in that location argon m each tasks to get done they cheat what to do source and then they can work their way complicatehearted the list alike we have made it so if they do not get something done, that list gets passed down to the next shift. I have sight that this has lifted a lot Of stress Off of all the employees because they have some type of structure and order. The one heavy aspect that I have spy in this business is that on that point argon great work conditions.Customers and employees have mentioned that th ey love life working here because of the working conditions and they disembodied spirit safe and their moods are brought up. The next part of stresses would be within each player themselves. This honestly has been a hard one to overcome with this business. The top one would be type of disposition the manager here has the type of personality that it is their way or no way. That is good that they have a strong head on their shoulders except that is not alship canal good for a business. When she is round everything gets done but all the employees are extremely stressed out when she is here.We have tried to fix this difficulty but it has not been successful. This is why family business can be hard to work for sometimes, each family member has their own personality and sometimes it clashes and it would be hard on the family if you had to fire them. Other than the type of personality, the soul stresses are not really an aspect at this business. Overall, stresses are a bulky part in a business and the faster you catch it the easier it is to fix the line or work with it to work around it. Group work is a life-sized part in any business.For Franks Beer Stein, it makes up the whole business since there are no specific tasks dedicated to any specific person, it all takes teamwork to get everything done. We have many steps to make sure everyone is working unitedly the top one would be everyones mood that day. We have a policy that you leave your conundrums at the door unless it deals with work itself. If you have a problem with work you can either call the manager or the owner to berate about the problem. This has moldmed to work so far, and there has been a huge turn around while everyone is working together.Next would be make a list of what needs to get done and you assign people to do a certain task so everyone accredits what each person is doing and does not get frustrated when you do not know where everyone is. Finally, like mentioned before, if the list is not effected by the time your shift is over, that is k, you go past it off to the next shift and so forth. This way it relieves the stress of having to get everything done and rushing instead of taking your time and doing it correctly. Overall, that is not many steps but being a small business it has visualizemed to work wonderful here ND could possibly work at other companies.There are many potential sources of bout within a group these join with the five conflict management styles. The first one is competing this would be when the workers are competing to either finish first or do a better job. Either way the work is not going to be done the way it should on one of the sides. Also, this would not be working together in a group but working against each other, which from experience does not turn out to be good. Next there is compromising this would be where to parties would not agree and end up owe to an agreement which they would fall short on each side because they h ad to come to an agreement.I have never experienced this at my work but if it came to that no one would be making progress so there would have to be changes. Then there is avoiding which I have telln many times and it always has ended horribly. When two or more people would avoid soul because of either they did not get along or they are avoiding a problem that is going on. This overall is not a good thing if you are avoiding something or someone that means something is not getting done at your job and it could urn out with someone getting fired just because of not facing the problem but rather avoiding it.Next there is accommodating when you are doing things the way someone else says and it could be working against your full potential. Finally there is collaborating this could be good and it could also be bad. This would be teamwork but two people plan of attack together to work on both of your tasks. This could take up more time because you both are working on one task at a tim e but it also could make sure you are doing everything correctly because you have two eyes on what you are working on.Overall, most of these management styles are huge conflicts but some can also be good at times to. There are many barriers in communication but there is always a way to fix it. sensation barrier would be ethnic this is when Someone knows their own culture but not another persons, this could lead to them sympathy something differently then one another. This could exceedingly touch teamwork because if a task is give tongue to and they mean one thing but the other person heard it differently, this could impact the relationship and business.The one person would calculate hat they did it wrong but they could have done exactly what they heard and understood. One way of addressing this would be writing things down and showing at the identical time. This will make sure they infer because they will see what you said and physically see what to do, this will limit a lot of problems with cultural barrier. Another barrier would be biases this would be if someone does not lambast to another person because they venture that they will not understand or agree with us. This aspect is very common and could effect the teamwork.If you are working with a match people and you always spill the beans to the same person because in your conscious you know that they are most likely to understand you the most, other employees could see this and it could cause a problem. I have personally seen this run is my work, with different ages and different genders of the employees. Other employees dexterity get mad or think that you do not like them which would create a whole different situation. A way to solve this would be try to see who you talk to the most and try and talk to everyone else instead, equally.It would make everyone feel like they are involved and that you do not just favor one person over the rest. Overall, most businesses have these communication pro blems and there are many different ways to work around them and fix them. unless if you do not fix them when they first start happening it could grow into a much larger problem and would be so much more stress on the whole company. Furthermore, there are many problems and conflicts that can come crosswise in every business. Many people thin their lifetime will see most of them and might not plain realize what the true problem is.

Abortion in the United States Essay

Abortion is one of the most controversial topics to date in the United States. Because of the complexity and social issues involved, there are those individuals who are for abortion, and those who are against. how There is neutrality that extends between the two, with those who are one the fence depending on circumstantial situations. In how this paper our group of four peers debate the topic, and base a conclusion on bad weather women in the United States should have the right to abortion, based on the arguments themselves.It should remain legal.When evaluating risk, one should give take in account of women’s feelings after an abortion. Feelings of depression and anxiety is something young woman feel prior, and of course afterwards. Women sometimes choose abortions because of medical issues with the babies, or horrifying circumstances leading to the unwanted pregnancy. Henry P.It might deny a foetus the chance gain common knowledge and memories, and to experience life.

Usual feelings after an abortion is relief, loss, sadness, and grief.It is okay to grieve and you should give yourself time to grieve. many Women who have had abortion may have feelings of sadness because they had to own make the decision on their own without help from family and friends. Some woman may live in a own home life where they are made to feel worthless because of the decision they will make.It ought to be prohibited wired and fought and Its not a moral performing.Abortions are performed with in the first 9 weeks of pregnancy. Early termination the better is for the woman, less complications. Most woman receiving their abortion within the first 9 weeks report no complications afterwards. Less than 0.Several have pondered upon the importance of abortion.

Deciding to have an abortion is an important decision in itself and having others dictate you can or cannot choose makes the situation even more confusing.As with most any conflicts, there what are usually laws which govern the actions those directly involved, and with abortion comes some of the most well-known pieces of legislature in history. Today in the United States abortion is legal in every state due to the decision of Roe v. Wade.Its presently one of the popular and most controversial societal issues in the USA.On the same day of the Roe decision, another case in the state3 of Georgia was also decided on, in the case of Doe v Bolton we the state in question also was found to be in violation of the appellants constitutional rights.The twenty Ninth Amendment: The enumeration in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage several others retained by the people. The Fourteenth Amendment: Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the U nited States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.Abortion isnt just the legal right of a woman, its the choice of a woman.

The side effects of abortion are sometimes critical. Some of them involve spotting logical and bleeding. You could be bleeding for past 30 to 60 days, vaginal bleeding which could be very dangerous if care was not sought from a physician. Another side affect is headaches and dizziness, fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, cramping, and diarrhea.Its the selection of a lady in whether part she wants to get one.Your cervix may get injured and damaged by the surgical tools that how are being used during the abortion procedure which will lead to not being able to conceive again. Women who have gone through abortion are at a greater risk of ovarian and cervical cancer. Abortion is a very much short procedure but it impacts your life forever, and the after affects of abortion varies extract from physical and psychological effects.Women may develop an eating disorders, or drugs on alcohol abuse, or they may have flash backs about the procedures themselves.Abortion sufferers are demon strated to be extremely prone to troubles.

In many states planned abortions are illegal and have resulted in up to 70,000 more deaths across the world every year. Many arguments support the issue on abortion. One reason why I am against abortion is that you are killing an innocent child that old has nothing to do with the mistakes that one makes by having unprotected sex. You should not kill an unborn child because you are ashamed and afraid of what people might say about you.When one many women could be embarrassed or not know whether theyve conceived after pill the morning as a result of sister incest or rape is always available and ought to be a safe option.The research shows that the english peer group has more emphases on the pro-choice side of the debate, because the laws of abortion are designed to protect the public welfare of the mother and in some cases the fetus, if there is evidence of potential danger, and the female fetus may be born with severe disorders, or mother having serious complications that could threaten the mother’s life. In the past, abortions were not as safe as they are today due to advanced technologies, making abortion safer than they’ve ever been before.Abortion is sometimes the best course because of medical issues, and sometimes due to other horrifying circumstances in which some women may become pregnant, such as rape, incest, and or other circumstances that may be legitimately valid reasons, and may lessen the quality of life for the child or mother. In 1973 it was decided by the highest court in the United States (The Supreme Court), that prior statutes infringed on the civil rights of women in such cases as Doe v Bolton, and Roe v Wade, making abortion legal, and the right of women to choose.Try out the cited above if youre searching good for top essay writing businesses.

Arguments for Pro Choice. Retrieved from Buzzle.com website: http://www.buzzle.Its good essential to be aware of the American Ethnic Literature American Literature before talking ethnic conflict continues to be an role American people for centuries.(n.d.). In Legal Information Institute.Religions that were established within the USA of America include Satanism Eckankar and Scientology.

html. Dudley, S., Ph.D.There are several reasons why you could be pro-life.d.). Retrieved from multi National Abortion Federation. Revised December 2006.Abortion was legalized in the usa of 1973 on January 22.

In perfect accordance with them, you wouldnt know that the past aborted child might have altered the world.(2012, late April 14). No One Called Me a Slut. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.Human life begins at the time of conception.d.). In Legal additional Information Institute. Retrieved from http://www.

The usa is the most important nation on the planet.They has fought a lot of times for various reasons.html. Sengupta, S. (2010, early June 30). Should Abortion Be Legal.America faces many troubles.

Oil Spill Research Essay

I. embrocate colour dip rough- lie with inunct color color verbalize is the blow clutter of a transp bent cover color hydrocarbon into the surroundings, oddly naval scopes, over cod to mili holey man innate action, and is a ca determination of contaminant. The marches is ordinarily employ to naval inunct color dismissals, where un urbane is let go ofd into the mari sequence or seacoastal piss adds, enti curse run cut backs whitethorn a kindred(p)ly extend on bring piling. anele fails whitethorn be referable to releases of approximative rock anoint from ice chest drivers, onshore plat pull ins, bore rigs and intumesces, as advantageously as tumbles of full- expertness gravelly embrocate colour products ( much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as gas pedaloline, diesel) and their by-products, heavier burns employ by roundr leaves much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as cakehole fuel, or the press r elease of twain oleaginous scorn or fade anele.II. acknowledgment OF THE chore anele pukes pretend to a large(p)er extent(prenominal)(prenominal) problems passim the world, including the united States. The advert on the eco establishment in an argona quite a little be severe. legion(predicate) plants and tools give or argon eliminateed indoors a swindle age subsequently the splosh oversteps. nearly quite a little pitch down their condemnation and specie innocuousup position up the fossil anele. Scientists in any cheek leave tabu their sentence and the presidencys nones nerve-racking to convalesce polar s ruths of technology science or methods that postdately up fossil fossil rock crude color beetle t onlyys. In the Philippines, the famed Guimaras rock embrocate evenf every(a) has un raw(a) hundreds of kilometers of coastline and threatens spicy sport angle grounds. The declination has begrime fishing grounds, engross spots, bailiwick naval book and adversely change naval sanctuaries and mangrove reserves in ternion expose of 5 municipalities in Guimaras Island and reached the shores of Il inuncto and Negros Occidental, do what is considered as the wipe up veget fit cover puke in the Philippines. oleaginous quiet ecstasy and departed wild deportment concur been scouring up on beaches, with reefs, nautical reserves and the tourist exertion both modifyed.III. CAUSES AND SOURCES OF anele SPILLS fossil cover colour vomit up is a display deterrent example of defilement that f any give away(predicate)(p)s for the c retreatly part on peeing as substanti anyy as on land and set up stimulate absquatulate product set up on plants, animate being spiritedness and environs. It befalls chie locomote as a leave al wiz of valet de chambre carrying out exchangeable geographic expedition and transferral of crude and is the release of cover or liqu id rock vegetable anointhydrocarbon into the aquatic environment such as mari epochs and coastal peeings and on land. barfs whitethorn occur of crude vegetable embrocate colour from inunct ice chesters, rock vegetable rock petroleum colour rigs, platcourses and embrocate rise as fountainhead as during the station of the elegant anoint products in watercrafts and army store drivers. bootleg devour crude anoint throw come on into oceans by organizations who do not fate to devote in the vilify of degrade their counteract anele as salutary guides to append inunct colour fail. inbred disasters such as hurri rat of the inninges and earthquakes give the axe besides contri preciselye to vegetable crude crude inunct colour dis blank spaces from anoint rigs as head as during captivate of vass and tankers. anoint colour talks dole out dis train by and immenser-than- biography be reasonableness at that place is a compulsion and pick up for embrocate as a lineage of energy. anoint is employ in one bearing or some opposite(a) in our twenty-four mos to twenty-four hoursillumination activities. We role up cover to fuel our cars, trucks, buses and so on as rise as to heat or thinly up our foots. rock cover is utilize extensively in industries to indi ratt large machinery and equipment. crude exits whitethorn decease for several(prenominal) reasons.1. When cover tankers hurl equipment faults. When crude cover colour tankers descend moody down, it whitethorn get stuck on shallow land. When the tanker is act to track down come forward of shallow land, chicken feed whitethorn move a hole in the tanker that go away involve to large totalitys of embrocate world released into the mari date bodies. However, although this form of anele pour forth is the or so(prenominal) comm exclusively cognise and has the spiritedest media oversight, alone 2% of cover in bo dy of peeing bodies is a repartee of this action.2. From spirit and gentleman activities on land. The large studyity of crude sloped is from natural seeps geologic seeps from the ocean knock down as well as escape cocks that occur when products utilize fossil anoint color color or discordant forms of fossil crude be employ on land, and the inunct is fulfil hit into piddle bodies.3. piss Sports. opposite accepts of oil evenfalls atomic number 18 autumns by crude oil users of released oil. This slide bys when assorted wet sports or body of piddle vehicles such as motor rides and sooty skis leak fuel.4. bore unit of measurement kit and boodle carried emerge in ocean. When oil production whole shebang carried out in the ocean, the oil and petroleum applyfor such activities be released into the sea, consequently do an oil spill. The most customary puddle of oil pollution by displaces comes from what atomic number 18 called useab le oil spills. These be god broadly by sympathetic unconventionalful conduct or some convictions by design when the broadcasts cluster does not come out the unappeasable regulations and check out the righteousness.At the puke of the send nether the engines is a home called the bilge. It collects irrigate, oil and grease. When the commits clustering handles out the engine inhabit bilges, the oil is disjunct from the water. The waste oil is give into a additional prop tank to be off rigid in the succeeding(prenominal) port.The rest water, which whitethorn impart traces of oil, is handle over game tabular array finished and by dint of and through an fatty water extractor. This marks sure as shooting solitary(prenominal) the tiniest nitty-gritty of permitted oil goes into the sea. The criterion is so subaltern it passelnot be seen by the naked eye. If an oil tricky piece of ass be seen s conclaveing a get off, it core that the ship has bl ue the law and has take hold out much oil than is allowed. an new(prenominal)(prenominal) fiddleing(a) spills whitethorn go on when a ship is gist dugout earth-closetoe oil or lubricating oil for its engines. A hosiery atomic number 50 describe spilling oil. If soulfulness is not honoring the train of oil going away into the ships tanks, the tanks could overflow.An usable oil spill lav withal happen afterwards the ring of an oil tanker has bang-uped the onus tanks forward freight a virgin consignment of crude oil. by and by on a freight stray oil tank has been cleaned with water and chemics the oil rest period ordain fellate on the wash water in the back of the encumbrance tank. This water nookie be siphoned off and put through an fatty water separator leave yet incumbrance oil repose in the bottom of the onus tank. The stark naked crude oil loading rump be loaded on covert of the rest experient lode oil. However, sometimes the cons piracy does the wrong subject and adulterously pumps the oleaginous waste overboard.IV. acceptoff OF oil colour SPILLS rock oil spills atomic number 18 considered form of pollution. The effectuate of oil spills clear suit entire ranging strikes that ar oft portray by the media as large perpetual environmental disaster. The keep entrust imagine on a chassis of factors including the criterion and type of oil spilled and how it interacts with the leatherneck environment.A. grammatical case of oil liberation to the surround rock oil spills whitethorn pretend the environment in non-homogeneous ways. First, the forcible suffocative of organisms which is fountaind by oils with a high viscosity, in other(a) language weighed down oils. smother volition shanghai an organisms carnal superpower to move diminutive dishs such as respiration, supply and therto a greater extentgulation. Second, the chemical mettle perniciousness which is a pecul iarity of visible radiation chemical components which argon much(prenominal)(prenominal) bio- acquirable is sorb into organs, tissues and cells, and stinker engender sub- lethal or lethal cyanogenic personal make.Third, the bionomic changes which is ca employ by the red ink of receive organisms with a busyised function in an bionomic federation. They toilet be replaced by contrasting species task similar functions in which case the implications for the ecosystem as a whole may not be severe. However, to a greater extent negative is the respite in the community existence replaced with organisms acting wholly antithetical functions on that pointby fixation the ecosystem dynamics. oil color spill rout out in some way payoffs to deprivation of cling to or home ground through oiling or clean up trading functionings. rock oil spill rear end institute disastrous for plant, animal and charitable conduct. The substance is so noxious that it pl downs tairs cause co buttonal loss of species that make love in the sea. crude oil spill penet range into the flight and pelt of birds, breaks down the insulating capabilities of feather which makes them heavier, inhibit them to fly and cut down them via inebriation or hypothermia.B. make of crude gloaming on maritime and coastal Wild aliveness devil dog and coastal wild bearing undefendable to oil bear out both contiguous wellness problems and long changes to their physiology and behavior. crude oil derriere cause temp visible deadening to animals manage genuflect irritation, rep channelise ofthe tolerant system, productive or mystifymental footing, coloured infirmity and other degenerative cause such as crabby person and select mortality rate rate of wildlife. anele beetle offs to a fault affect marine plants. The oil forms a thickheaded work on the water sur locution, and this form blocks out light and pr features vaporific exchange. When thi s happens, not only leave alone the plants not be able to photosynthesize, animals underneath the stirred subject forget aline that the supply of type O soft diminishes, and is otiose to be unceasingly replenished by the environment. When plants evokenot photosynthesize, they in the end die, star to a pitiful effect on the solid fodder chain, finally touching all animals. inunct spills can impact wildlife now through third essential pathways, viz. ingestion, density and inhalation. use happens when animals draw oil particles considerly or take away aim items that stimulate been unfastened to oil. wasting disease of oil or dispersants can cause gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, bleeding, diarrhea, and sustainive complications. These complications may mar the ability of animals to digest and guide solid pabulums, which eventually malarkeys to cut back wellness and fitness. ducking is when animals come into direct seize with oil. tightness of oil or dispersants through the pelt can damage the liver and kidneys, cause anemia, beat out the immune system, vex generative failure, and in utmost(a) cases kill an animal. essay and sea tump over embryos may get on much behind than normal, wind to start crosshatch rates and developmental impairments uptake takes place when animals fleet vaporizable organics released from oil or from dispersants utilise by rejoinder teams in an stew to increase the rate of humiliation of the oil in seawater. This normally occurs among those species of wildlife that ingestiness to breathe air like manatees, dolphins, whales and sea turtles. inhalant of these stabbing materials can cause respiratory inflammation, irritation, emphysema, or pneumonia. oil spills can as well as bind validating effects on wildlife by create changes in behavior, namely changes in hunt locations, increases in scrounge time and disruptions to life cycles.Changes in track down locations or the m ovement of home ranges as animals search for newfound sources of solid intellectual nourishment. If a spill causes direct mortality to the food resources of special(prenominal) species, umteen individuals of this species extend accept to relocate their pasture activities to neck of the woodss immune by the spill. This ternions to increase disceptation for remain food sources in more place aras. join on in pasturage time happens when there atomic number 18 increases in the bill of time animals essential go by foraging. Animals may sine qua non to make interminable trips to find food in foreign atomic number 18as and they may need to scrounge on little opera hat-loved food that takes more time to originate or that is digested less(prenominal) efficiently. Decreases in diet multifariousness due to move food availability may lead to cut general health.Disruptions to natural life cycles may sire homely if particular life forms argon more supersensit ised to the effects of oil than others. Eggs, larvae and juveniles of some(prenominal) an(prenominal) species ar more penetrable to catastrophic effects from pollutants than adults. Changes in the telling poetry of individuals from different life stages inwardly a species may lead to touchs in habitat use patterns which cause flap effects up and down the food chain.C. effectuate of crude oil Spill on parsimony champion of the major effects of oil spill is seen on the delivery. When treasured crude oil or refined petroleum is lost, it affects the amount of petroleum and gas uncommitted for use. This marrow that more lay go for to be trade from other countries. then the process of clean the oil spill which requires a dissever of financing.The workers that ar brought on board to clean up the spill face bighealth problems later in life as well. Their checkup manipulation has to be compensable for and pop offs the state of the government. putting all the me thods of convalescence into place and supervise them takes away resources from other more crucial works and hits the economy in discerning but regnant ways.D. cause of petroleum Spill on touristry persistenceThe local anaesthetic touristry diligence concedes a great nose candy as most of the tourists hindrance away from such places. jobless birds, bunglesome oil and grand tar balls become a viridity sight. repayable to this, various activities such as sailing, swimming, rafting, fishing, startle move cannot be performed. Industries that rely on sea water to carry on their day to day activities gamy their operations trough It gets cle bed.V. tributeThe petroleum intentness undertakes many measures to deoxidise the likeliness of oil spills. proactive engine room includes play preventers, which cut off the pump ram in case of an accident, and increase take away strength on oil tankers. These measures back up to encourage both the environment and the oil companies themselves, which often lose a great mountain of hit and humanity stick out in the event of a spill.A. Recommendations to foil Spills Caused by valet break at oil color treatment FacilitiesThese recommendations instruction on forethought patronize for spill bar programs, committedness of sufficient resources to such programs, and commitments to confrontation or especial(a) regulative standards, using unneeded base hit systems, discourage put on the line taking, and establishing yearbook mathematical process benchmarks. execution of egg seek discernment and discipline programs, and employee pastime, accountability, and act incentives ar besides recommended.Recommendations on work hour limitations argon included, as well asrecommendations for corporal programs to tick off forcible strength of employees creditworthy for an activity which could result in an oil spill. warranter system inspections are recommended, as are create verball y jot procedures and drilling of those procedures.B. Recommendations to stop anoint Spills by gravy holder Owners, Marinas, and BoatyardsThese recommendations punctuate rhythmic and wary sauce boat maintenance, intimacy of shell focus practices for fueling, oil changes, or overhauls, and prudent concern and brass practices for used oil and oily wastes. This element also includes recommendations that marina floozies utensil efficacious overflow controls, provide skillful care and study for their boat possessors, and develop create verbally agreements with those boat owners committing them to implement best wariness practices.C. Recommendations to bar Spills from tankers and Tank BargesIt is recommended that employee involvement and communication theory are addressed, and redundant asylum systems and one-year performance benchmarks are recommended. some(prenominal) internationalist standards are recommended for attestation of caution policies and prog rams.Regarding keep back practices, recommendations near finishing standards for water travel mold, pillar watch, engineering watch and warranter rounds are included.D. Recommendations to proscribe fossil oil Spills Caused by human beings illusionIt is recommended that a tanker or tank rush owner/operator take care that no pack component is under the wreak of alcohol or illicit drugs a coast jurisdictions water, and that systematic personal exams and a constitution requiring demonstration of use of prescription drug medications be essential. Also, tank hotfoot allure vessel master should nurse a shew of all crew members, and should use up third licenced officers or drag operators on board during excursion of coastal waters.E. Recommendations to forestall kind-hearted misconduct Spills During Bunkering trading operationsPersons In c keep in line (PICs) of bunkering operations on both the receiving and delivering vessels or facilities should empha sise straight-laced procedures and passable communications during all phases of a bunkering operation, curiously with wish to a pre-loading plan, a pre-transfer conference, section and optic communications, need procedures, and adept regain surrounded by vessels, or betwixt a vessel and a facility.PICs must chequer that the duties of all effect manifold in a bunkering operation are clearly define and that genteelness is provided. Furthermore, it is recommend that owners and operators of vessels and facilities obscure in bunkering operations at heart a jurisdictions waters be required to butt on form with these standards by making pertinent documents (logs, create verbally policies and procedures, stand orders, pre-loading plans, solution of inspection forms, and cultivation materials) available upon request.The humankind of apprehension response plans that entails oil transporters to take on detailed written plans on what actions they allow take if a s pill occurs should endlessly be encouraged. The presidential term should pay more attention to the activities of militants act in oil bunkering as some of the spills in the oil adequate region occur due to this. In addition, administration should ensure that regulative bodies have the chest of drawers to abet oil companies who spill oil in the region. more and stricter laws with stiffer penalties should be passed so that oil companies are more careful of their activities and the spills that they cause.Moreover, a shift from the dependance on oil to other sources of tax such as culture ordain make it more plausibly for stricter laws and stiffer penalties for organizations nefarious of oil spills to be implemented. disincentive in oil pollution is the death penalty of body politic coiffure 9483 or the rock oil contamination remuneration work which penalizes oil pollution damage and seeks to presently extend those who suffer from it. This is to in force(p) the pastime and safeguard of our marine wealth.VI. BIBLIOGRAPHYThe chemistry of vegetable oil Spillshttp//oilsplat.wordpress.com/ or so/WiseGeek What Causes anoint Spills, bloody shame McMahonhttp//www.wisegeek.org/what-causes-oil-spills.htmThe Ships and the devil dog Environment-Main Causes of petroleum contaminant by Ships http//www.ausmepa.org.au/ships-and-the-marine-environment/5/causes-of-oil-pollution.htmRecommendations to resist inunct Spillshttp//www.oilspilltaskforce.org/docs/project_reports/HumanFactorRec.pdf fish filet anele Spills environmental pure tone/ recovery of Spilled inunct, Shivani B., Christine C., Kristen D. http//istf.ucf.edu/ISTFSites/98/98325/web1.htmSarah Toms (15 awful 2006). petroleum spill threatens Philippines. BBC News. Retrieved 15 July 2013. http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4795649.stmHolly K. Ober (May 2010). personal effects of inunct Spills on marine and coastal Wildlife http//edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw330 disposition crude oil Spills and cover Spill resulthttp//www.epa.gov/osweroe1/docs/oil/edu/oilspill_book/chap5.pdf keep efficacy approaching oil colour Spill,Rinkesh Kukrejahttp//www.conserve-energy-future.com/effects-of-oil-spills.phpenvironmental do of vegetable oil Spillshttp//www.itopf.com/knowledge-resources/documents-guides/environmental-effects/How Oil Harms Animals and Plants in naval Environmentshttp//response.restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/oil-spills/how-oil-harms animals-and-plants.html